Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China; Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hosptial, the fourth military medical university, Xi'an, 710032, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
J Psychiatr Res. 2023 Sep;165:336-343. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.08.004. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Sleep disturbance has been recognized as an important factor influencing mental health problems in preschool children. However, no longitudinal studies have investigated the association between sleep change patterns and mental health in preschoolers or the mediating role of resilience. Here, data were collected from 1595 preschool children in 26 kindergartens in four counties in Anhui Province, China, who were followed up (T2) 1 year apart based on baseline surveys (T1). The primary caregivers of the children were asked to complete a structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews or by completing it themselves. Pearson's correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the relationships among sleep patterns, mental health, and resilience in preschoolers. A structural equation model was used for the mediation analysis. Four patterns of sleep change were identified: persistent-low pattern (1.7%), decreasing pattern (9.8%), increasing pattern (7.3%), and persistent-high pattern (81.3%). Compared to the persistent-low pattern, the increasing pattern and persistent-high pattern were associated with emotional behavioral problems (EBPs) and anxiety. Resilience played a fully mediating role in the relationship between increasing pattern, persistent-high pattern, and EBPs. Resilience partially mediated the effects of increasing and persistent-high pattern on anxiety. More attention should be paid to sleep problems in children with increasing and persistent-high sleep patterns. Resilience is important for understanding the mechanism underlying the correlation between sleep patterns, EBPs, and anxiety. Considering the EBPs and anxiety of preschool children, early intervention for resilience should be considered.
睡眠障碍已被认为是影响学龄前儿童心理健康问题的一个重要因素。然而，尚无纵向研究调查学龄前儿童睡眠变化模式与心理健康之间的关系，以及韧性的中介作用。在这里，数据来自中国安徽省四个县的 26 所幼儿园的 1595 名学龄前儿童，他们根据基线调查（T1）相隔 1 年进行了随访（T2）。通过面对面访谈或由儿童的主要照顾者自行填写的方式，要求儿童的主要照顾者填写一份结构化问卷。使用 Pearson 相关系数和线性回归分析学龄前儿童的睡眠模式、心理健康和韧性之间的关系。使用结构方程模型进行中介分析。确定了四种睡眠变化模式：持续低模式（1.7%）、下降模式（9.8%）、增加模式（7.3%）和持续高模式（81.3%）。与持续低模式相比，增加模式和持续高模式与情绪行为问题（EBPs）和焦虑有关。韧性在增加模式和持续高模式与 EBPs 之间的关系中发挥了完全中介作用。韧性部分中介了增加模式和持续高模式对焦虑的影响。应更加关注具有增加和持续高睡眠模式的儿童的睡眠问题。韧性对于理解睡眠模式、EBPs 和焦虑之间的相关性的机制很重要。考虑到学龄前儿童的 EBPs 和焦虑，应考虑对韧性进行早期干预。
