Harvey Sarah E, Lahiri Subhaneil, Ganguli Surya
Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Phys Rev E. 2023 Jul;108(1-1):014403. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.108.014403.
We combine stochastic thermodynamics, large deviation theory, and information theory to derive fundamental limits on the accuracy with which single cell receptors can estimate external concentrations. As expected, if the estimation is performed by an ideal observer of the entire trajectory of receptor states, then no energy consuming nonequilibrium receptor that can be divided into bound and unbound states can outperform an equilibrium two-state receptor. However, when the estimation is performed by a simple observer that measures the fraction of time the receptor is bound, we derive a fundamental limit on the accuracy of general nonequilibrium receptors as a function of energy consumption. We further derive and exploit explicit formulas to numerically estimate a Pareto-optimal tradeoff between accuracy and energy. We find this tradeoff can be achieved by nonuniform ring receptors with a number of states that necessarily increases with energy. Our results yield a thermodynamic uncertainty relation for the time a physical system spends in a pool of states and generalize the classic Berg-Purcell limit [H. C. Berg and E. M. Purcell, Biophys. J. 20, 193 (1977)0006-349510.1016/S0006-3495(77)85544-6] on cellular sensing along multiple dimensions.
我们结合随机热力学、大偏差理论和信息理论，推导单细胞受体估计外部浓度的精度的基本极限。正如预期的那样，如果由受体状态的整个轨迹的理想观察者进行估计，那么任何可分为结合态和未结合态的耗能非平衡受体都无法超越平衡双态受体。然而，当由测量受体结合时间分数的简单观察者进行估计时，我们推导出了一般非平衡受体精度作为能量消耗函数的基本极限。我们进一步推导并利用显式公式对精度和能量之间的帕累托最优权衡进行数值估计。我们发现这种权衡可以通过具有一定数量状态的非均匀环形受体来实现，这些状态数量必然随能量增加。我们的结果得出了物理系统在一组状态中花费时间的热力学不确定性关系，并沿多个维度推广了关于细胞传感的经典伯格 - 珀塞尔极限[H. C. 伯格和E. M. 珀塞尔，《生物物理学杂志》20, 193 (1977)0006 - 349510.1016/S0006 - 3495(77)85544 - 6] 。
