Probiotics and autoprobiotics for treatment of infection.

The article discusses various approaches for probiotic treatment of () infection: Probiotics as an adjuvant treatment in the standard eradication therapy; probiotic strains as a monotherapy; and autoprobiotics as a monotherapy. Autoprobiotics refer to indigenous bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, or enterococci isolated from a specific individual, intended to restore his/her microbiota and improve his/her health. The potential mechanisms of probiotic action against include correction of the gut microbiota, immunological effects (enhancement of humoral and cellular immunity, and reduction of oxidative stress), direct antagonistic effects against (such as colonization resistance and bacteriocin synthesis), and stimulation of local immunological protection (strengthening of the mucous protective barrier and reduction of gastric mucosa inflammation). The incorporation of probiotics into comprehensive eradication therapy shows promise in optimizing the treatment of infection. Probiotics can enhance the eradication rates of , reduce the occurrence and severity of side effects, and improve patient compliance. Probiotic or autoprobiotic monotherapy can be considered as an alternative treatment approach in cases of allergic reactions and insufficient effectiveness of antibiotics. We recommend including probiotics as adjunctive medications in anti- regimens. However, further randomized multicenter studies are necessary to investigate the effects of probiotics and autoprobiotics against , in order to gain a better understanding of their mechanisms of action.