State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, 210042, Nanjing, PR China.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Nov 15;337:122381. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122381. Epub 2023 Aug 14.
The Xikuangshan (XKS) mine was selected for a comprehensive Sb-related hydrogeochemical study because of its significant Sb contamination in water systems. Hydrochemical data, specifically multi-isotope (H, O, S, and Sr) data, were conducted to elucidate the primary sources and migration processes of Sb responsible for water system contamination. At the XKS Sb mine, water is near-neutral to alkaline and is characterized by high concentrations of SO and Sb. Sb occurs as Sb(OH) (the dominant species) in these oxidized waters. The hydrochemistry is mainly controlled by carbonate dissolution and silicate weathering. δH and δO values indicate that the infiltration recharge of mine water and mining activities regulate the migration of Sb in groundwater. δS and δO values indicate that dissolved SO and Sb primarily come from stibnite oxidation, bacterial SO reduction has either not occurred or is extremely weak, and the reductive dissolution of Fe (III) hydroxides does not significantly affect Sb migration in water. The Sr/Sr ratios further indicate that the discharge of solid mine wastes leaching and smelting water is a crucial source of Sb contamination in groundwater. In addition, the relationship between δS and δSr values suggests the complexity of the contamination source and migration of Sb in water. Finally, a robust conceptual hydrogeochemical model was developed using isotopic tools in combination with detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemistry characterization to describe the contamination source and migration of Sb in water systems at the XKS Sb mine.
锡矿山（XKS）矿因水系中 Sb 污染严重而被选为 Sb 相关水文地球化学综合研究的对象。为了阐明导致水系污染的 Sb 的主要来源和迁移过程，进行了水文地球化学数据，特别是多同位素（H、O、S 和 Sr）数据。在 XKS 锑矿，水呈近中性到碱性，具有高浓度的 SO 和 Sb。在这些氧化水中，Sb 以 Sb(OH)（主要物种）的形式存在。水文地球化学主要受碳酸盐溶解和硅酸盐风化控制。δH 和 δO 值表明，矿坑水的渗滤补给和采矿活动调节了地下水 Sb 的迁移。δS 和 δO 值表明，溶解的 SO 和 Sb 主要来自辉锑矿的氧化，细菌还原 SO 要么没有发生，要么极其微弱，Fe（III）氢氧化物的还原溶解对 Sb 在水中的迁移没有显著影响。Sr/Sr 比值进一步表明，固体矿山废物浸出和冶炼水的排放是地下水 Sb 污染的重要来源。此外，δS 和 δSr 值之间的关系表明 Sb 在水中的污染来源和迁移的复杂性。最后，使用同位素工具结合详细的水文地质和水文化学特征，开发了一个稳健的概念性水文地球化学模型，以描述 XKS 锑矿水系中 Sb 的污染来源和迁移。
