Elbel Brian, Heng Lloyd, Konty Kevin J, Day Sophia E, Rothbart Michah W, Abrams Courtney, Lee David C, Thorpe Lorna E, Ellen Schwartz Amy
Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
New York University Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York, NY, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2023 Aug 4;35:102357. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102357. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Vaccination is an indispensable tool to reduce negative outcomes due to COVID-19. Although COVID-19 disproportionately affected lower income and Black and Hispanic communities, these groups have had lower population-level uptake of vaccines. Using detailed cross-sectional data, we examined racial and ethnic group differences in New York City schoolchildren becoming fully vaccinated (two doses) within 6 months of vaccine eligibility. We matched school enrollment data to vaccination data in the Citywide Immunization Registry, a census of all vaccinations delivered in New York City. We used ordinary least squares regression models to predict fully vaccinated status, with key predictors of race and ethnicity using a variety of different control variables, including residential neighborhood or school fixed effects. We also stratified by borough and by age. The sample included all New York City public school students enrolled during the 2021-2022 school year. Asian students were most likely to be vaccinated and Black and White students least likely. Controlling for student characteristics, particularly residential neighborhood or school attended, diminished some of the race and ethnicity differences. Key differences were also present by borough, both overall and by racial and ethnic groups. In sum, racial and ethnic disparities in children's COVID-19 vaccination were present. Vaccination rates varied by the geographic unit of borough; controlling for neighborhood characteristics diminished some disparities by race and ethnicity. Neighborhood demographics and resources, and the attributes, culture and preferences of those who live there may affect vaccination decisions and could be targets of future efforts to increase vaccination rates.
接种疫苗是减少因新冠病毒病导致的负面结果的一项不可或缺的工具。尽管新冠病毒病对低收入以及黑人和西班牙裔社区造成了尤为严重的影响，但这些群体在总体人口层面的疫苗接种率较低。我们利用详细的横断面数据，研究了纽约市学童在符合疫苗接种条件后的6个月内完成全程接种（两剂）的种族和族裔差异。我们将学校入学数据与全市免疫登记处的疫苗接种数据进行了匹配，全市免疫登记处记录了纽约市所有的疫苗接种情况。我们使用普通最小二乘法回归模型来预测全程接种状态，将种族和族裔作为关键预测因素，并使用了各种不同的控制变量，包括居住社区或学校固定效应。我们还按行政区和年龄进行了分层。样本包括在2021 - 2022学年入学的所有纽约市公立学校学生。亚裔学生接种疫苗的可能性最大，黑人和白人学生接种疫苗的可能性最小。控制学生特征，特别是居住社区或就读学校后，一些种族和族裔差异有所减小。行政区层面也存在关键差异，无论是总体上还是按种族和族裔群体来看。总之，儿童新冠病毒病疫苗接种存在种族和族裔差异。疫苗接种率因行政区这一地理单位而异；控制社区特征可减少一些种族和族裔差异。社区人口统计学和资源，以及居住在那里的人们的属性、文化和偏好可能会影响疫苗接种决策，并且可能是未来提高疫苗接种率努力的目标。
