Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China.
College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Aug 1;13:1230689. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1230689. eCollection 2023.
Despite long-term integrated control programs for Eimeria stiedai infection in China, hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits persists. Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Th9, and Th21 cells are involved in immune responses during pathogen infection. It is unclear whether Th cell subsets are also involved in E. stiedai infection. Their roles in the immunopathology of this infection remain unknown. Therefore, monitoring these T-cell subsets' immune responses during primary infection of E. stiedai at both transcriptional (mRNA) and protein (cytokines) levels is essential.
In experimentally infected New Zealand white rabbits, mRNA expression levels of their transcript-TBX2 (Th1), GATA3 (Th2), RORC (Th17), Foxp3 (Treg), SPI1 (Th9), and BCL6 (Th21)-were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), whereas Th1 (IFN-g and TNF-a), Th2 (IL4), Th17 (IL17A and IL6), Treg (IL10 and TGF-b1), Th9 (IL9), and Th21 (IL21) cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
We found that levels of TBX2, GATA3, RORC, SPI1, and BCL6 in the livers of infected rabbits were elevated on days 5 and 15 post-infection (PI). The concentrations of their distinctive cytokines IFN-g and TNF-a for Th1, IL4 for Th2, IL17A for Th17, IL9 for Th9, IL21 for Th21, and IL10 for Treg IL10 were also significantly increased on days 5 and 15 PI, respectively (p < 0.05). On day 23 PI, GATA3 with its cytokine IL4, RORC with IL17A, Foxp3 with IL10 and TGF-b1, and SPI1 with IL9 were significantly decreased, but TBX2 with IFN-g and IL6 remained elevated.
Our findings are the first evidence of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 changes in E. stiedai-infected rabbits and provide insights into immune regulation mechanisms and possible vaccine development.
尽管中国长期以来一直针对艾美耳球虫感染实施综合控制计划，但兔肝球虫病仍持续存在。在病原体感染过程中，Th1、Th2、Th17、Treg、Th9 和 Th21 细胞参与免疫反应。尚不清楚 Th 细胞亚群是否也参与了艾美耳球虫感染。它们在这种感染的免疫病理学中的作用尚不清楚。因此，监测这些 T 细胞亚群在艾美耳球虫初次感染时的转录（mRNA）和蛋白（细胞因子）水平的免疫反应至关重要。
在实验感染的新西兰白兔中，使用实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）评估其转录物-TBX2（Th1）、GATA3（Th2）、RORC（Th17）、Foxp3（Treg）、SPI1（Th9）和 BCL6（Th21）的 mRNA 表达水平，而 Th1（IFN-γ和 TNF-α）、Th2（IL-4）、Th17（IL-17A 和 IL-6）、Treg（IL-10 和 TGF-β1）、Th9（IL-9）和 Th21（IL-21）细胞因子则使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）进行测量。
我们发现感染后第 5 和 15 天，感染兔肝脏中 TBX2、GATA3、RORC、SPI1 和 BCL6 的水平升高。Th1 的特异细胞因子 IFN-γ和 TNF-α、Th2 的 IL-4、Th17 的 IL-17A、Th9 的 IL-9、Th21 的 IL-21 和 Treg 的 IL-10 浓度也分别在第 5 和 15 天 PI 时显著升高（p<0.05）。在第 23 天 PI 时，GATA3 及其细胞因子 IL-4、RORC 及其细胞因子 IL-17A、Foxp3 及其细胞因子 IL-10 和 TGF-β1 以及 SPI1 及其细胞因子 IL-9 显著降低，但 TBX2 及其细胞因子 IFN-γ和 IL-6 仍升高。
我们的发现是艾美耳球虫感染兔中 Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 变化的首次证据，并为免疫调节机制和可能的疫苗开发提供了新的见解。
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