Department of Molecular and Atomic Physics, Faculty of Modern Science and Technology, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 18;18(8):e0288287. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288287. eCollection 2023.
Various atomic and nuclear methods use hard (high-energy) X-rays to detect elements. The current study aims to investigate the hard X-ray production rate via high-energy proton beam irradiation of various materials. For which, appropriate conditions for producing X-rays were established. The MCNPX code, based on the Monte Carlo method, was used for simulation. Protons with energies up to 1650 MeV were irradiated on various materials such as carbon, lithium, lead, nickel, salt, and soil, where the resulting X-ray spectra were extracted. The production of X-rays in lead was observed to increase 16 times, with the gain reaching 0.18 as the proton energy increases from 100 MeV to 1650 MeV. Comparatively, salt is a good candidate among the lightweight elements to produce X-rays at a low proton energy of 30 MeV with a production gain of 0.03. Therefore, it is suggested to irradiate the NaCl target with 30 MeV proton to produce X-rays in the 0-2 MeV range.
各种原子和核方法都使用硬（高能）X 射线来探测元素。本研究旨在通过高能质子束辐照各种材料来研究硬 X 射线的产生率。为此，建立了产生 X 射线的适当条件。使用基于蒙特卡罗方法的 MCNPX 代码进行了模拟。将能量高达 1650 MeV 的质子辐照在各种材料上，如碳、锂、铅、镍、盐和土壤，从中提取出相应的 X 射线能谱。结果表明，在铅中 X 射线的产生率增加了 16 倍，当质子能量从 100 MeV 增加到 1650 MeV 时，增益达到 0.18。相比之下，在轻元素中，盐是在低能质子（30 MeV）下产生 X 射线的良好候选材料，其产生增益为 0.03。因此，建议用 30 MeV 质子辐照 NaCl 靶，以在 0-2 MeV 范围内产生 X 射线。
