Asproudi Andriani, Bonello Federica, Ragkousi Vasiliki, Gianotti Silvia, Petrozziello Maurizio
Research centre for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Asti, Italy.
Associazione Monferace, Alessandria, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Aug 4;14:1179111. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1179111. eCollection 2023.
Current climatic conditions may cause significant changes in grapevine phenology and maturity dynamics linked often with changes to ecoclimatic indicators. The influence exerted by different meteorological conditions during four consecutive years on the aromatic potential of Grignolino grapes was investigated for the first time. The samples were collected from three vineyards characterized by different microclimatic conditions mainly related to the vineyard exposure and by a different age of the plants. Important differences as far as temperature and rainfall patterns are concerned during ripening were observed among the 4 years. Grape responses to abiotic stress, with particular emphasis on aromatic precursors, were evaluated using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results highlighted significant differences among the vintages for each vineyard in terms of the berry weight and the aromatic precursor concentration. For the grapes of the younger-vine vineyard, the content of aroma compounds showed a different variability among the vintages if compared to the old-vine vineyards. Optimal conditions in terms of temperature and rainfall during the green phase followed by a warm and dry post-veraison period until harvest favored all classes of compounds especially terpenoids mainly in the grapes of the old vines. High-temperature (>30°C) and low-rainfall pattern before veraison led to high benzenoid contents and increased differences among vineyards such as berry weight, whereas cooler conditions favored the terpenoid levels in grapes from southeast-oriented vineyards. In a hilly environment, lack of rainfall and high temperature that lately characterize the second part of berry development seem to favor the grape quality of Grignolino, a cultivar of medium-late ripening, by limiting the differences on bunch ripening, allowing a greater accumulation of secondary metabolites but maintaining at the same time an optimum balance sugar/acidity.
当前的气候条件可能会导致葡萄物候期和成熟动态发生显著变化，这些变化通常与生态气候指标的改变有关。首次研究了连续四年不同气象条件对格里诺利诺葡萄香气潜力的影响。样本采集自三个葡萄园，这些葡萄园具有不同的微气候条件，主要与葡萄园的朝向有关，且植株年龄不同。在这四年中，观察到葡萄成熟期间温度和降雨模式存在重要差异。使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术评估了葡萄对非生物胁迫的反应，特别关注了芳香前体物质。结果表明，每个葡萄园不同年份的浆果重量和芳香前体物质浓度存在显著差异。与老藤葡萄园相比，年轻藤葡萄园的葡萄香气化合物含量在不同年份表现出不同的变异性。在幼果期温度和降雨条件适宜，随后在转色期后直至收获期温暖干燥的条件有利于所有类别的化合物，尤其是萜类化合物，主要存在于老藤葡萄中。在转色期前高温（>30°C）和低降雨模式导致苯类化合物含量较高，葡萄园之间如浆果重量的差异增大，而较凉爽的条件有利于东南朝向葡萄园葡萄中的萜类化合物含量。在丘陵环境中，浆果发育后期缺乏降雨和高温似乎有利于中晚熟品种格里诺利诺的葡萄品质，通过限制果穗成熟的差异，允许更多次生代谢产物的积累，但同时保持糖/酸的最佳平衡。
