Mata Julia K, Martin Sara L, Smith Tyler W
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Aug 17;13(8):e10231. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10231. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Understanding the factors determining species' geographical and environmental range is a central question in evolution and ecology, and key for developing conservation and management practices. Shortly after the discovery of polyploidy, just over 100 years ago, it was suggested that polyploids generally have greater range sizes and occur in more extreme conditions than their diploid congeners. This suggestion is now widely accepted in the literature and is attributed to polyploids having an increased capacity for genetic diversity that increases their potential for adaptation and invasiveness. However, the data supporting this idea are mixed. Here, we compare the niche of allopolyploid plants to their progenitor species to determine whether allopolyploidization is associated with increased geographic range or extreme environmental tolerance. Our analysis includes 123 allopolyploid species that exist as only one known ploidy level, with at least one known progenitor species, and at least 50 records in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database. We used GBIF occurrence data and range modeling tools to quantify the geographic and environmental distribution of these allopolyploids relative to their progenitors. We find no indication that allopolyploid plants occupy more extreme conditions or larger geographic ranges than their progenitors. Data evaluated here generally indicate no significant difference in range between allopolyploids and progenitors, and where significant differences do occur, the progenitors are more likely to exist in extreme conditions. We concluded that the evidence from these data indicate allopolyploidization does not result in larger or more extreme ranges. Thus, allopolyploidization does not have a consistent effect on species distribution, and we conclude it is more likely the content of an allopolyploid's genome rather than polyploidy per se that determines the potential for invasiveness.
了解决定物种地理和环境分布范围的因素是进化和生态学中的核心问题，也是制定保护和管理措施的关键。就在100多年前，多倍体被发现后不久，有人提出多倍体通常比其二倍体同属物种具有更大的分布范围，并且出现在更极端的环境中。这一观点现在在文献中已被广泛接受，原因是多倍体具有增加的遗传多样性能力，从而增加了它们适应和入侵的潜力。然而，支持这一观点的数据参差不齐。在这里，我们将异源多倍体植物的生态位与其祖先物种进行比较，以确定异源多倍体化是否与地理范围扩大或极端环境耐受性增加有关。我们的分析包括123个异源多倍体物种，这些物种仅以一种已知的倍性水平存在，至少有一个已知的祖先物种，并且在全球生物多样性信息设施（GBIF）数据库中有至少50条记录。我们使用GBIF出现数据和范围建模工具来量化这些异源多倍体相对于其祖先的地理和环境分布。我们没有发现任何迹象表明异源多倍体植物比其祖先占据更极端的条件或更大的地理范围。这里评估的数据总体上表明异源多倍体与其祖先在分布范围上没有显著差异，而在确实存在显著差异的地方，祖先更有可能存在于极端条件下。我们得出结论，这些数据的证据表明异源多倍体化不会导致更大或更极端的分布范围。因此，异源多倍体化对物种分布没有一致的影响，并得出结论，更有可能是异源多倍体基因组的内容而非多倍体本身决定了入侵的潜力。
