一种粉色无热量人工甜味溶液对训练有素者力量耐力表现及心理反应的安慰剂效应。
The placebo effect of a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution on strength endurance performance and psychological responses in trained individuals.
作者信息
de Salles Painelli Vitor, Fernandes Edvania, Brietzke Cayque, Pires Flávio O
机构信息
Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Strength Training Study and Research Group, Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University, São Paulo, Brazil.
出版信息
Nutr Health. 2025 Jun;31(2):545-552. doi: 10.1177/02601060231196590. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
The pink color enhances the perceived sweetness, increasing the individuals' expectation of the presence of sugar/carbohydrate in a beverage. Hence, it is plausible to speculate that providing a pink solution during exercise could induce an ergogenic benefit through a potential placebo effect. We examined whether ingesting a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve endurance strength exercise performance and psychological responses. Eighteen strength-trained individuals (34 ± 7 y; 1.74 ± 0.06 m; 79.86 ± 10.91 kg) completed three experimental trials in a randomized, single-blind, crossover counterbalanced fashion. In each trial, participants performed a 5-set strength endurance test at 70% of the one-repetition maximum in the bench press exercise, interspersed by 2 min. Before each set, participants ingested either a pink (PINK) or a transparent (TRANSP) non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution. A session without ingestion (CON) was also completed. Total number of repetitions and psychological responses such as motivation, emotional arousal, affect, and ratings of perceived exertion were obtained throughout the exercise protocol. Total repetitions improved in PINK (60 ± 12 reps) compared to TRANSP (= 0.03; 56 ± 10 reps; ES = 0.22; ±3.8%) and CON (= 0.01; 56 ± 9 reps; ES = 0.33; ±6.6%), but no difference occurred between TRANSP and CON (= 0.84; ES = 0.12; ±2.4%). Comparable responses were observed in motivation, emotional arousal, affect, and ratings of perceived exertion in PINK, TRANSP, and CON trials (all, > 0.05), despite the greater total physical work performed in PINK trial. Ingesting a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution improved strength endurance performance with comparable psychological responses. These results have implications for future nutritional studies and performance assessments in real-world sports scenarios.
粉色会增强甜度的感知,提高个体对饮料中糖分/碳水化合物存在的预期。因此,推测在运动期间提供粉色溶液可能通过潜在的安慰剂效应产生促力效益是合理的。我们研究了摄入粉色无热量、人工甜味溶液是否能提高耐力力量运动表现和心理反应。18名经过力量训练的个体(34±7岁;身高1.74±0.06米;体重79.86±10.91千克)以随机、单盲、交叉平衡的方式完成了三项实验试验。在每次试验中,参与者在卧推练习中以一次重复最大值的70%进行5组力量耐力测试,每组测试之间间隔2分钟。在每组测试前,参与者摄入粉色(PINK)或透明(TRANSP)无热量、人工甜味溶液。还完成了一次无摄入的试验(CON)。在整个运动方案中记录重复次数总数以及心理反应,如动机、情绪唤起、情感和主观用力感觉评分。与TRANSP组(P = 0.03;56±10次重复;效应量ES = 0.22;±3.8%)和CON组(P = 0.01;56±9次重复;效应量ES = 0.33;±6.6%)相比,PINK组的重复次数总数有所增加,但TRANSP组和CON组之间没有差异(P = 0.84;效应量ES = 0.12;±2.4%)。在PINK组、TRANSP组和CON组试验中,尽管PINK组的总体力工作量更大,但在动机、情绪唤起、情感和主观用力感觉评分方面观察到了类似的反应(所有P值均>0.05)。摄入粉色无热量、人工甜味溶液可提高力量耐力表现,且心理反应相当。这些结果对未来在实际运动场景中的营养研究和表现评估具有启示意义。