Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Sector-A, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur, 342001, Rajasthan, India.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Teh: Luni, Village: Bujhawad, Jodhpur, 342802, Rajasthan, India.
Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2023;23(2):126-136. doi: 10.2174/1871524923666230822100016.
The primary phytoconstituents reported to have neuroprotective effects are flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Aerva persica roots are reported to be rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the nootropic potential of Aerva persica roots.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nootropic potential of Aerva persica roots against D-galactose-induced memory impairment.
In this study, the roots of Aerva persica were extracted with 70% ethanol. The obtained extract was evaluated for total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. Afterward, the acute oral toxicity of the extract was determined following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 423. Additionally, two doses of Aerva persica (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW)) were evaluated for their nootropic potential against D-galactose-induced memory impairment. The nootropic potential of the crude extract was assessed through a behavioural study and brain neurochemical analysis. Behavioural studies involved the evaluation of spatial reference- working memory using the radial arm maze test and the Y-maze test. Neurochemical analysis was performed to determine the brain's acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found to be 179.14 ± 2.08 μg GAE/mg and 273.72 ± 3.94 μg QE/mg, respectively. The Aerva persica extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg BW. Following the safety assessment, the experimental mice received various treatments for 14 days. The behavioural analysis using the radial maze test showed that the extract at both doses significantly improved spatial reference-working memory and reduced the number of total errors compared to disease control groups. Similarly, in the Y-maze test, both doses significantly increased the alteration percentage and the percentage of novel arm entry (both indicative of intact spatial memory) compared to disease control. In neurochemical analysis, Aerva persica at 200 mg/kg significantly normalised the acetylcholine level (p<0.0001) and GSH level (p<0.01) compared to disease control. However, the same effect was not observed with Aerva persica at 100 mg/kg. Additionally, Aerva persica at 200mg/kg BW significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase level (p<0.0001) and decreased the brain's MDA level (p<0.01) compared to the disease control, whereas the effect of Aerva persica at 100 mg/kg BW in reducing acetylcholinesterase was non-significant.
Based on the results, it can be concluded that the nootropic potential of Aerva persica was comparable to that of the standard drug, Donepezil, and the effect might be attributed to the higher content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
具有神经保护作用的主要植物化学成分是类黄酮和酚类化合物。报道称，Aerva persica 的根富含类黄酮和酚类化合物。因此，本研究旨在探讨 Aerva persica 根的益智作用。
本研究的目的是评估 D-半乳糖诱导的记忆障碍模型下，Aerva persica 根的益智作用。
本研究中，使用 70%乙醇提取 Aerva persica 的根。使用 Folin-Ciocalteu 法测定提取物中的总酚含量，使用铝氯化物比色法测定总黄酮含量。之后，按照经济合作与发展组织（OECD）指南 423 确定提取物的急性口服毒性。此外，评估了 Aerva persica 的两个剂量（100 和 200mg/kg 体重）对 D-半乳糖诱导的记忆障碍的益智作用。通过行为研究和脑神经化学分析来评估粗提物的益智作用。行为研究包括使用放射臂迷宫测试和 Y 迷宫测试评估空间参考工作记忆。神经化学分析用于测定大脑中的乙酰胆碱、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 和丙二醛 (MDA) 水平。
总酚含量和总黄酮含量分别为 179.14±2.08μg GAE/mg 和 273.72±3.94μg QE/mg。Aerva persica 提取物在高达 2000mg/kg BW 的剂量下是安全的。在安全性评估后，实验小鼠接受了 14 天的各种治疗。使用放射臂迷宫测试的行为分析表明，与疾病对照组相比，两个剂量的提取物均显著改善了空间参考工作记忆，减少了总错误次数。同样，在 Y 迷宫测试中，两个剂量均显著增加了变化百分比和新臂进入的百分比（两者均表明空间记忆完整），与疾病对照组相比。在神经化学分析中，与疾病对照组相比，200mg/kg 的 Aerva persica 显著提高了乙酰胆碱水平（p<0.0001）和 GSH 水平（p<0.01）。然而，在 100mg/kg 的 Aerva persica 中没有观察到相同的效果。此外，200mg/kg BW 的 Aerva persica 显著降低了乙酰胆碱酯酶水平（p<0.0001），降低了大脑中的 MDA 水平（p<0.01），而 100mg/kg BW 的 Aerva persica 降低乙酰胆碱酯酶的作用不显著。
根据结果，可以得出结论，Aerva persica 的益智作用与标准药物 Donepezil 相当，其作用可能归因于类黄酮和酚类化合物含量较高。
