National Center for Global Health, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.
Int J Public Health. 2023 Aug 7;68:1605580. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605580. eCollection 2023.
Access to vaccination for newly arrived migrants (NAMs) is a relevant concern that requires urgent attention in EU/EEA countries. This study aimed to develop a General Conceptual Framework (GCF) for understanding how to improve vaccination coverage for NAMs, by characterizing and critically analyzing system barriers and possible strategies to increase vaccination. A theoretical conceptualization of the GCF was hypothesized based on conceptual hubs in the immunization process. Barriers and solutions were identified through a non-systematic desktop literature review and qualitative research. The GCF guided the activities and facilitated the integration of results, thereby enriching the GCF with content. The study explores the vaccination of NAMs and proposes strategies to overcome barriers in their vaccination process. It introduces a framework called GCF, which consists of five interconnected steps: entitlement, reachability, adherence, achievement, and evaluation of vaccination. The study also presents barriers and solutions identified through literature review and qualitative research, along with strategies to enhance professionals' knowledge, improve reachability, promote adherence, achieve vaccination coverage, and evaluate interventions. The study concludes by recommending strategies such as proximity, provider training, a migrant-sensitive approach, and data collection to improve vaccination outcomes for NAMs. Ensuring equitable access to healthcare services, including vaccination, is crucial not only from a humanitarian perspective but also for the overall public health of these countries.
新到达移民（NAM）获得疫苗接种是欧盟/欧洲经济区国家需要紧急关注的一个重要问题。本研究旨在通过描述和批判性分析系统障碍以及增加疫苗接种的可能策略，开发一个理解如何提高 NAM 疫苗接种覆盖率的通用概念框架（GCF）。基于免疫过程中的概念中心，假设了 GCF 的理论概念化。通过非系统性桌面文献综述和定性研究确定了障碍和解决方案。GCF 指导了活动并促进了结果的整合，从而丰富了 GCF 的内容。本研究探讨了 NAM 的疫苗接种问题，并提出了克服其疫苗接种过程中障碍的策略。它介绍了一个名为 GCF 的框架，该框架由五个相互关联的步骤组成：疫苗接种的资格、可达性、依从性、效果和疫苗接种评估。该研究还通过文献综述和定性研究确定了障碍和解决方案，并提出了提高专业人员知识、改善可达性、促进依从性、实现疫苗接种覆盖率和评估干预措施的策略。最后，该研究建议采取一些策略，例如就近接种、提供者培训、对移民友好的方法和数据收集，以改善 NAM 的疫苗接种效果。确保公平获得医疗保健服务，包括疫苗接种，不仅从人道主义的角度来看至关重要，而且对这些国家的整体公共卫生也至关重要。
