Palaniappan Vijayasankar, Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal, Anusuya Sadhasivamohan
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India.
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2023 Jul 27:1-17. doi: 10.25259/IJDVL_745_2022.
Hair dyeing is a popular practice dating back to ancient Egyptian times. Initially, hair dye use was restricted to concealing grey and white hairs of the elderly population. However, in recent times, its use is common among the younger generation as a fashion statement. Hair dye contact dermatitis is a common dermatological condition encountered by dermatologists. It is a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that commonly affects the scalp and the vicinity of hair line and neck. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a synthetic aromatic amine is the most common allergen specifically implicated in hair dye contact dermatitis. Para-phenylenediamine was announced as the allergen of the year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Contact allergy to para-phenylenediamine can occur in 0.1-2.3% of the general population. Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of hair dye contact dermatitis. However, para-phenylenediamine carries a risk of cross-sensitivity and co-sensitization to other allergens. Apart from contact dermatitis, hair dye use is also associated with various other cutaneous adverse effects such as pigmentary changes, hair loss, skin malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Due to the various adverse effects associated with hair dye use, it is prudent to look for safer alternatives to allergenic hair dyes. In this article, we review the epidemiology, cutaneous and systemic adverse effects associated with hair dye use, patch testing, preventive strategies to minimize the risk of hair dye contact dermatitis, and treatment aspects.
染发是一种可追溯到古埃及时代的流行做法。最初，染发仅限于遮盖老年人的白发。然而，近年来，染发在年轻一代中作为一种时尚宣言很常见。染发接触性皮炎是皮肤科医生常见的皮肤病。它是一种迟发型超敏反应，通常影响头皮、发际线和颈部周围。对苯二胺（PPD），一种合成芳香胺，是染发接触性皮炎中最常见的特异性过敏原。对苯二胺在2006年被美国接触性皮炎协会宣布为年度过敏原。一般人群中0.1 - 2.3%的人可能会对苯二胺发生接触过敏。皮肤斑贴试验是诊断染发接触性皮炎的金标准试验。然而，对苯二胺存在对其他过敏原交叉敏感和共敏感的风险。除了接触性皮炎外，染发还与各种其他皮肤不良反应有关，如色素沉着变化、脱发、皮肤恶性肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病。由于染发使用存在各种不良反应，寻找更安全的替代致敏性染发剂是明智的。在本文中，我们综述了与染发使用相关的流行病学、皮肤和全身不良反应、斑贴试验、将染发接触性皮炎风险降至最低的预防策略以及治疗方面。
