Varol Avcılar Özlem, Onbaşılar Esin Ebru, Yalçın Sakine, Akça Hanife, Gündoğar Umut Can
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye, Turkey.
Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2024 Jan;108(1):139-147. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13874. Epub 2023 Aug 23.
It is inevitable to obtain chicks from breeders of different ages in broiler fattening. However, breeder age has an effect on eggs. There is no detailed study on the changes in mineral levels in eggs and bones of these effects. Therefore, the aim of this study examines how mineral levels of shell, albumen, egg yolk, and bone, embryonic development and bone characteristics change according to the breeder age. A total of 370 fresh hatching eggs were obtained from Ross-308 breeders at 2 different ages (25 to 60-week-old). Egg, embryo, yolk sac and chick characteristics were determined. Morphometric parameters of bones of embryos at 19 days of age and chicks at hatch were examined. Mineral levels of albumen, yolk, shell and bones of embryo and chick were determined. Egg weight, embryo weight, embryo length, chick weight and chick length were higher in old breeder than those of younger one. Femur length, width and Seedor index of tibia, weight, width and Seedor index of metatarsus were found to be high in embryos at 19 days of old breeder than young breeder. There were differences in relative femur weight, tibia length and relative metatarsus weight of chicks at hatch. The mineral levels were high in the femur, tibia and metatarsus of embryos and chicks, in parts of the egg of old breeder. K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe and Mn levels in the eggshell were decreased during incubation. Ca and Mg levels were decreased in the yolk during incubation. K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn and Mn levels were found to be high in chick bones than those of bones of embryos at 19 days of age. The total embryonic death was found to be high in the fertile eggs of younger breeder group. No differences were observed in fertility, hatchability of fertile and set eggs according to the age of breeders. These data may be useful in designing in-ovo injections, formulating diets of broiler breeders and broilers and in preventing bone diseases in broilers.
在肉鸡育肥过程中，不可避免地要从不同年龄的种鸡那里获取雏鸡。然而，种鸡年龄会对鸡蛋产生影响。目前尚无关于这些影响下鸡蛋和骨骼中矿物质水平变化的详细研究。因此，本研究的目的是考察蛋壳、蛋清、蛋黄和骨骼的矿物质水平、胚胎发育以及骨骼特征如何随种鸡年龄而变化。从2个不同年龄（25至60周龄）的罗斯308种鸡那里共获取了370枚新鲜的孵化蛋。测定了鸡蛋、胚胎、卵黄囊和雏鸡的特征。检查了19日龄胚胎和出壳雏鸡骨骼的形态测量参数。测定了胚胎和雏鸡的蛋清、蛋黄、蛋壳和骨骼的矿物质水平。老龄种鸡所产鸡蛋的蛋重、胚胎重量、胚胎长度、雏鸡重量和雏鸡长度均高于年轻种鸡所产鸡蛋。发现19日龄老龄种鸡的胚胎股骨长度、宽度以及胫骨的塞多尔指数、跖骨重量、宽度和塞多尔指数均高于年轻种鸡的胚胎。出壳雏鸡的相对股骨重量、胫骨长度和相对跖骨重量存在差异。老龄种鸡所产鸡蛋部分部位的胚胎和雏鸡的股骨、胫骨和跖骨中的矿物质水平较高。孵化期间，蛋壳中的钾、钙、镁、磷、铁和锰水平降低。孵化期间，蛋黄中的钙和镁水平降低。发现雏鸡骨骼中的钾、钙、镁、磷、铁、锌和锰水平高于19日龄胚胎的骨骼。年轻种鸡组的可育蛋中胚胎总死亡率较高。根据种鸡年龄，在受精率、可育蛋和入孵蛋的孵化率方面未观察到差异。这些数据可能有助于设计蛋内注射、制定肉鸡种鸡和肉鸡的日粮以及预防肉鸡的骨骼疾病。
