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种蛋特性、雏鸡质量和 2 个种鸡群龄及 3 个蛋重下肉鸡的生产性能。

Hatching egg characteristics, chick quality, and broiler performance at 2 breeder flock ages and from 3 egg weights.

机构信息

Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

出版信息

Poult Sci. 2010 Dec;89(12):2735-42. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00403.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of flock age and egg weight on hatching egg characteristics, fertility, hatchability, salable chick production, and broiler performance using a commercial Cobb 500 broiler breeder flock. Hatching eggs from the same breeder flock in 3 weight categories (light, average, and heavy) were obtained from a commercial hatchery when the birds were 29 and 59 wk of age. One group of eggs per age and weight category was selected to assess specific gravity and was broken open to weigh egg components. Another group of eggs was incubated for 21.5 d and incubation parameters were measured. At hatching, all salable chicks were individually weighed and placed in floor pens, where they were grown out for 41 d. Daily mortality, weekly feed consumption, and individual BW at 21 and 41 d were recorded. Irrespective of flock age and egg weight, all eggs had a specific gravity lower than 1.080, the commercial set value. Eggs from the young flock age had a smaller proportion of yolk and a greater proportion of albumen. Age affected fertility, with a lower value observed at 29 wk of age. Chicks from the flock at 59 wk hatched earlier than chicks from the flock at 29 wk, and light eggs hatched earlier than both average and heavy eggs. Broilers from the 29-wk-old breeders had a lower final BW than broilers from the 59-wk-old breeders. The smaller proportion of yolk in eggs from 29-wk-old broiler breeders may be associated with the low final BW observed in their offspring. This could mean that chicks hatching from young broiler breeders, which produce eggs with small yolks, may be at a disadvantage when reared under the same conditions as chicks produced by older broiler breeders whose eggs have larger yolks.

摘要

本研究旨在利用商业科宝 500 肉鸡种鸡群确定鸡群日龄和蛋重对种蛋特性、受精率、孵化率、可售雏鸡产量和肉鸡生产性能的影响。当种鸡达到 29 周和 59 周龄时,从商业孵化场获得来自同一种鸡群的 3 个重量类别(轻、中、重)的种蛋。每个年龄和重量类别选择一组蛋来评估比重并将蛋打碎以称重蛋的成分。另一组蛋进行 21.5 天孵化并测量孵化参数。孵化时,所有可售雏鸡都单独称重并放入地板笼中,在那里饲养 41 天。记录日死亡率、每周饲料消耗和 21 天和 41 天的个体体重。无论鸡群日龄和蛋重如何,所有蛋的比重都低于 1.080,这是商业设定值。年轻鸡群日龄的蛋蛋黄比例较小,蛋白比例较大。鸡群日龄影响受精率,29 周龄时观察到的受精率较低。59 周龄鸡群的雏鸡比 29 周龄鸡群的雏鸡更早孵化,轻蛋比中蛋和重蛋更早孵化。29 周龄种鸡的肉鸡最终体重低于 59 周龄种鸡的肉鸡。29 周龄种鸡所产蛋蛋黄比例较小,可能与其后代观察到的最终体重较低有关。这可能意味着,在与由产大蛋黄蛋的较老种鸡所产的雏鸡相同的条件下饲养的情况下,从年轻种鸡所产的具有小蛋黄的蛋中孵化出来的雏鸡可能处于不利地位。

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