Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
J Breath Res. 2023 Sep 7;17(4). doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/acf339.
The nasal dominance (ND) determination is crucial for nasal synchronized ventilator, optimum nasal drug delivery, identifying brain hemispheric dominance, nasal airway obstruction surgery, mindfulness breathing, and for possible markers of a conscious state. Given these wider applications of ND, it is interesting to understand the patterns of ND with varying temperature and respiration rates. In this paper, we propose a method which measures peak-to-peak temperature oscillations (difference between end-expiratory and end-inspiratory temperature) for the left and right nostrils during nasal breathing. These nostril-specific temperature oscillations are further used to calculate the nasal dominance index (NDI), nasal laterality ratio (NLR), inter-nostril correlation, and mean of peak-to-peak temperature oscillation for inspiratory and expiratory phase at (1) different ambient temperatures of 18 °C, 28 °C, and 38 °C and (2) at three different respiration rate of 6 bpm, 12 bpm, and 18 bpm. The peak-to-peak temperature () oscillation range (averaged across participants;= 8) for the left and right nostril were 3.80 ± 0.57 °C and 2.34 ± 0.61 °C, 2.03 ± 0.20 °C and 1.40 ± 0.26 °C, and 0.20 ± 0.02 °C and 0.29 ± 0.03 °C at the ambient temperature of 18 °C, 28 °C, and 38 °C respectively (averaged across participants and respiration rates). The NDI and NLR averaged across participants and three different respiration rates were 35.67 ± 5.53 and 2.03 ± 1.12; 8.36 ± 10.61 and 2.49 ± 3.69; and -25.04 ± 14.50 and 0.82 ± 0.54 at the ambient temperature of 18 °C, 28 °C, and 38 °C respectively. The Shapiro-Wilk test, and non-parametric Friedman test showed a significant effect of ambient temperature conditions on both NDI and NLR. No significant effect of respiration rate condition was observed on both NDI and NLR. The findings of the proposed study indicate the importance of ambient temperature while determining ND during the diagnosis of breathing disorders such as septum deviation, nasal polyps, nosebleeds, rhinitis, and nasal fractions, and in the intensive care unit for nasal synchronized ventilator.
鼻优势（ND）的确定对于鼻同步通气、最佳鼻腔药物输送、识别大脑优势半球、鼻腔气道阻塞手术、正念呼吸以及可能的意识状态标志物都至关重要。鉴于 ND 的这些更广泛的应用，了解在不同温度和呼吸速率下 ND 的模式非常有趣。在本文中，我们提出了一种方法，用于测量鼻呼吸时左右鼻孔的峰到峰温度振荡（呼气末和吸气末温度之间的差异）。这些特定于鼻孔的温度振荡进一步用于计算鼻优势指数（NDI）、鼻侧性比（NLR）、鼻间相关性以及吸气和呼气阶段的峰到峰温度振荡的平均值，在（1）环境温度分别为 18°C、28°C 和 38°C 和（2）三个不同呼吸率 6 bpm、12 bpm 和 18 bpm 时。左、右鼻孔的峰到峰温度（）振荡范围（参与者平均值；= 8）分别为 3.80 ± 0.57°C 和 2.34 ± 0.61°C、2.03 ± 0.20°C 和 1.40 ± 0.26°C 和 0.20 ± 0.02°C 和 0.29 ± 0.03°C，环境温度分别为 18°C、28°C 和 38°C（参与者和呼吸率平均值）。在环境温度为 18°C、28°C 和 38°C 时，参与者和三个不同呼吸率的 NDI 和 NLR 平均值分别为 35.67 ± 5.53 和 2.03 ± 1.12、8.36 ± 10.61 和 2.49 ± 3.69、-25.04 ± 14.50 和 0.82 ± 0.54。Shapiro-Wilk 检验和非参数 Friedman 检验均表明环境温度条件对 NDI 和 NLR 有显著影响。呼吸率条件对 NDI 和 NLR 没有显著影响。该研究的结果表明，在诊断鼻中隔偏曲、鼻息肉、鼻出血、鼻炎和鼻腔分数等呼吸障碍以及在重症监护病房进行鼻同步通气时，确定 ND 时环境温度的重要性。
