Sun Qiu, Mück-Lichtenfeld Christian, Kehr Gerald, Erker Gerhard
Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
Nat Rev Chem. 2023 Oct;7(10):732-746. doi: 10.1038/s41570-023-00525-7. Epub 2023 Aug 23.
The study of 3D architectures at a molecular scale has fascinated chemists for generations. This includes molecular pyramids with all-carbon frameworks, such as trigonal, tetragonal and pentagonal pyramidal geometries. A small number of substituted tetrahedranes and all-carbon [4]-[5]pyramidanes have been experimentally generated and studied. Although the hypothetical unsubstituted parent [3]-[6]pyramidanes have only been explored computationally, the formal replacement of carbon vertices with isolobal main group element fragments has provided a number of examples of stable hetero[m]pyramidanes, which have been isolated and amply characterized. In this Review, we highlight the synthesis and chemical properties of [3]-[6]pyramidanes and summarize the progress in the development of chemistry of pyramid-shaped molecules.
几代化学家都对分子尺度的三维结构研究着迷。这包括具有全碳骨架的分子金字塔，如三角、四方和五角金字塔几何结构。少量取代四面体烷和全碳[4]-[5]金字塔烷已通过实验制备并研究。尽管假设的未取代母体[3]-[6]金字塔烷仅通过计算进行了探索，但用等瓣主族元素片段对碳顶点进行形式上的取代已提供了许多稳定的杂[m]金字塔烷实例，这些实例已被分离并充分表征。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了[3]-[6]金字塔烷的合成和化学性质，并总结了金字塔形分子化学发展的进展。
