Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2023 Dec;20(12):586-597. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2023.2250403. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of occupational noise exposure and risk factors of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in Hispanic/Latino adults included in the baseline wave of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos collected from 2008 to 2011. Sequential multiple linear regression modeled the relationship between occupational NIHL (defined as a 3-, 4-, 6-kHz pure-tone average [PTA]) and occupation type, self-reported noise exposure, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score, and hearing protective device (HPD) use. The final model controlled for sex, age, and recreational noise exposure. Among 12,851 included participants, approximately 40% ( = 5036) reported occupational noise exposure "Sometimes" (up to 50% of the time) or "Frequently" (75-100% of the time). In the final fitted model, longest-held occupation and CVD risk were associated with poorer hearing. Specifically, those in non-skilled, service, skilled, and military/police/other job categories had between 2.07- and 3.29-dB worse PTA than professional/office workers. Additionally, a shift in the CVD risk score category from low to medium was associated with a 2.25- and 8.20-dB worse PTA for medium and high CVD risk, respectively. Age and sex were also significantly associated with poorer hearing, such that men presented with 6.08 dB worse PTA than women, and for every one-year increase in age, PTA increased by 0.62 dB (s < .001). No interactions were seen between noise*sometimes or frequent exposure to other ototoxic agents and PTA (s = .33 & .92, respectively). The prevalence of occupational noise exposure was high in this cross-sectional investigation of adults from Hispanic/Latino backgrounds. Findings contribute to the extant literature by demonstrating that risk factors for occupational NIHL in adults from varying Hispanic/Latino backgrounds are consistent with those of other previously studied groups.
本研究的目的是估计 2008 年至 2011 年期间纳入西班牙裔社区健康研究/拉丁裔研究基线波的西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人中职业性噪声暴露的流行率和职业性噪声性听力损失（NIHL）的危险因素。连续多重线性回归模型建立了职业性 NIHL（定义为 3、4、6kHz 纯音平均[PTA]）与职业类型、自我报告的噪声暴露、心血管疾病（CVD）风险评分和听力保护装置（HPD）使用之间的关系。最终模型控制了性别、年龄和娱乐性噪声暴露。在纳入的 12851 名参与者中，约 40%（=5036）报告职业性噪声暴露“有时”（高达 50%的时间）或“经常”（75-100%的时间）。在最终拟合模型中，最长持有的职业和 CVD 风险与听力下降相关。具体来说，非熟练、服务、熟练和军事/警察/其他工作类别的人 PTA 比专业/办公室工作人员差 2.07-3.29dB。此外，CVD 风险评分类别从低到中变化与中等和高 CVD 风险的 PTA 分别差 2.25 和 8.20dB 相关。年龄和性别也与听力下降显著相关，男性的 PTA 比女性差 6.08dB，每增加一岁，PTA 增加 0.62dB（s<0.001）。在噪声*有时或频繁暴露于其他耳毒性药物与 PTA 之间未观察到交互作用（s=0.33 和 0.92）。在这项对具有西班牙裔/拉丁裔背景的成年人进行的横断面研究中，职业性噪声暴露的患病率很高。研究结果通过证明具有不同西班牙裔/拉丁裔背景的成年人职业性 NIHL 的危险因素与其他先前研究群体的危险因素一致，为现有文献做出了贡献。
