Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(44):99809-99829. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29254-6. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
Fluoride pollution is a major issue worldwide, posing health risks such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. This study was conducted in fluoride enrichment hard rock regions of Vaniyambadi and Ambur talks in Tirupathur district, Tamil Nadu. Four hundred eighty groundwater samples were collected from May 2021 to April 2022 and grouped as summer, southwest monsoon (SWM), northeast monsoon (NEM), and winter. Maximum concentration of fluoride was found to be 4 mg/L in the summer season in Vellakuttai region of Vaniyambadi taluk. The study aims to investigate the hydrogeochemical process and mechanism influencing groundwater chemistry and it also provides the confirmation of exploratory data analysis in groundwater quality using structural equation modeling. The Piper and Gibbs diagrams illustrate the rock-water interaction and anthropogenic sources that contribute to the NaHCO and NaCl-type waters, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), multiple linear regression (MLR), and structural equation modeling (SEM) has been carried out to determine the groundwater quality. HCA manifests the nature and sources of groundwater, whereas PCA divides all the physicochemical parameters into two PC loadings, accounting for 97.46%, 99.46%, 99.18%, and 98.93% of cumulative % of variance during the summer, SWM, NEM, and winter seasons, respectively. PC1 has a higher loading factor to Cl, Ca, and Mg, whereas PC2 has a higher loading factor to Na, HCO, SO, and NO. The results of the MLR model provide higher accuracy in detecting the contamination factors associated with the environment and natural rocks. SEM revealed the goodness-of-fit indices 0.993, 0.999, 1.000, and 0.999 in summer, SWM, NEM, and winter, respectively. Hence, this study provides insight view of variation of fluoride concentration in groundwater in different seasons and also mentions the factors that influence fluoride concentration in Vaniyambadi and Ambur taluk.
氟污染是一个全球性的主要问题，对牙齿和骨骼氟中毒等健康构成威胁。本研究在泰米尔纳德邦蒂鲁帕蒂区的瓦尼扬巴迪和阿姆布尔的氟化物富集硬岩地区进行。从 2021 年 5 月到 2022 年 4 月，共采集了 480 个地下水样本，并分为夏季、西南季风（SWM）、东北季风（NEM）和冬季。在瓦尼扬巴迪县的韦拉库塔伊地区，夏季发现氟的最高浓度为 4 毫克/升。本研究旨在调查影响地下水化学的水文地球化学过程和机制，并使用结构方程模型对地下水质量的探索性数据分析进行确认。皮珀和吉布斯图说明了岩石-水相互作用和人为来源，分别导致了 NaHCO 和 NaCl 型水。进行了多元统计分析，如层次聚类分析（HCA）、主成分分析（PCA）、多元线性回归（MLR）和结构方程模型（SEM），以确定地下水质量。HCA 表现了地下水的性质和来源，而 PCA 将所有理化参数分为两个 PC 负荷，分别占夏季、SWM、NEM 和冬季 97.46%、99.46%、99.18%和 98.93%的累积方差%。PC1 对 Cl、Ca 和 Mg 的加载因子较高，而 PC2 对 Na、HCO、SO 和 NO 的加载因子较高。MLR 模型的结果提供了更高的精度，可检测与环境和天然岩石相关的污染因素。SEM 显示了夏季、SWM、NEM 和冬季分别为 0.993、0.999、1.000 和 0.999 的拟合优度指数。因此，本研究提供了不同季节地下水中氟浓度变化的深入了解，并提到了影响瓦尼扬巴迪和阿姆布尔地区氟浓度的因素。
