Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
J Ren Nutr. 2024 Jan;34(1):68-75. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.08.008. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have reduced expression of erythroid nuclear factor-related factor 2 (NRF2) and increased nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). "Food as medicine" has been proposed as an adjuvant therapeutic alternative in modulating these factors. No studies have investigated the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) in cruciferous vegetables on the expression of these genes in patients with CKD.
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of SFN on the expression of NRF2 and NF-κB in patients on hemodialysis (HD).
A randomized, double-blind, crossover study was performed on 30 patients on regular HD. Fourteen patients were randomly allocated to the intervention group (1 sachet/day of 2.5 g containing 1% SFN extract with 0.5% myrosinase) and 16 patients to the placebo group (1 sachet/day of 2.5 g containing corn starch colored with chlorophyll) for 2 months. After a washout period of 2 months, the groups were switched. NRF2 and NF-κB mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde was evaluated as a marker of lipid peroxidation.
Twenty-five patients (17 women, 55 [interquartile range = 19] years and 55 [interquartile range = 74] months on HD) completed the study. There was no significant difference concerning the expression of mRNA NRF2 (P = .915) and mRNA NF-κB (P = .806) after supplementation with SFN. There was no difference in pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.
150 μmol of SFN for 2 months had no antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in patients with CKD undergoing HD.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者的红细胞核因子相关因子 2（NRF2）表达减少，核因子 κB（NF-κB）增加。“食疗”已被提议作为调节这些因素的辅助治疗选择。目前还没有研究调查十字花科蔬菜中的萝卜硫素（SFN）对 CKD 患者这些基因表达的影响。
本研究旨在评估 SFN 对血液透析（HD）患者 NRF2 和 NF-κB 表达的影响。
对 30 名常规 HD 患者进行了一项随机、双盲、交叉研究。14 名患者被随机分配到干预组（每天 1 袋 2.5 g，含 1%SFN 提取物和 0.5%芥子酶），16 名患者分配到安慰剂组（每天 1 袋 2.5 g，含玉米淀粉，用叶绿素着色），持续 2 个月。洗脱期 2 个月后，两组交换。通过实时定量聚合酶链反应评估 NRF2 和 NF-κB mRNA 表达，通过酶联免疫吸附试验定量测定肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6 水平。丙二醛被评估为脂质过氧化的标志物。
25 名患者（17 名女性，55 [四分位距=19]岁，HD 55 [四分位距=74]个月）完成了研究。补充 SFN 后，mRNA NRF2（P=0.915）和 mRNA NF-κB（P=0.806）的表达无显著差异。促炎和氧化应激生物标志物无差异。
2 个月内给予 150 μmol 的 SFN 对接受 HD 的 CKD 患者没有抗氧化和抗炎作用。
