Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2024;24(9):886-894. doi: 10.2174/1389557523666230825100154.
Obesity is characterized by an abnormal increase in adipose tissue mass and is regarded as a neurobehavioral as well as a metabolic disorder. Increases in body fat are caused by even slight, long-term discrepancies between energy intake and energy expenditure. It is a chronic condition linked to the metabolic syndrome, a spectrum of risky conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. With a swiftly rising prevalence, obesity has emerged as a significant global health concern. Leptin influences the brain's neuroendocrine and metabolic processes, which is important for maintaining energy homeostasis. White adipose tissue secretes the majority of leptin, and there is a positive correlation between leptin levels in the blood and body fat percentages. The central nervous system is also modulated by leptin levels to modify energy intake and usage. The idea of an obesity cure sparked excitement after it was discovered more than 25 years ago. However, the leptin medication only effectively reduces weight in patients with congenital leptin insufficiency and not in patients with typical obesity who may also have leptin resistance. Recent research has focused on the role of leptin in managing weight reduction and preventing "yo-yo dieting". This review concentrates on the neurological effects of leptin with a focus on therapeutic and diagnostic applications, particularly for childhood obesity.
肥胖症的特征是脂肪组织质量异常增加，被认为是一种神经行为和代谢紊乱。体内脂肪的增加是由于能量摄入和能量消耗之间即使是轻微的、长期的差异造成的。肥胖与代谢综合征有关，代谢综合征是一系列危险状况的总称，如糖尿病、高血压和心脏病。随着肥胖患病率的迅速上升，肥胖已成为一个重大的全球健康问题。瘦素影响大脑的神经内分泌和代谢过程，这对于维持能量平衡很重要。白色脂肪组织分泌大部分瘦素，血液中的瘦素水平与体脂肪百分比之间呈正相关。瘦素水平也会调节中枢神经系统，以改变能量摄入和使用。25 多年前发现一种治疗肥胖的方法后，人们对此产生了极大的兴趣。然而，瘦素药物仅在先天性瘦素缺乏症患者中有效降低体重，而在可能也存在瘦素抵抗的典型肥胖症患者中则无效。最近的研究集中在瘦素在管理体重减轻和预防“溜溜球节食”中的作用。这篇综述集中讨论了瘦素的神经学效应及其治疗和诊断应用，特别是在儿童肥胖症方面。
