南非埃利斯拉斯农村人口中钠和钾摄入量对儿童期至青年期高血压和腹型肥胖发展影响的纵向调查。

A Longitudinal Investigation on the Effects of Sodium and Potassium Intake on the Development of Hypertension and Abdominal Obesity from Childhood to Young Adulthood amongst Ellisras Rural Population, South Africa.

作者信息

Raphadu Thato Tshepo, Mphekgwana Peter Modupi, Matshipi Moloko, Monyeki Kotsedi Daniel

机构信息

Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.

Department of Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.

出版信息

Children (Basel). 2023 Aug 1;10(8):1330. doi: 10.3390/children10081330.

DOI:10.3390/children10081330

PMID:37628329

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10453195/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Hypertension (HT) and obesity have both been on the rise in children. Each is associated with an increase in cardiovascular disease risk, and both track into adulthood.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to identify the association of sodium intake (Na), potassium (K) intake, and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio with the development of HT and abdominal obesity amongst the Ellisras rural population over time.

METHODS

In this longitudinal study, data on dietary intake of Na and K were collected using a 24 h recall questionnaire from a total of 325 participants tracked from 1999 (5-12 years), 2001 (7-14 years), and 2015 (18-30 years). The averages of Na and K intake were analysed using local food tables and the South African Food Composition Database System (SAFOODS). In addition, blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements (waist circumference (WC) and height) were also examined. Parametric (independent -test) and Chi-square/Fishers exact tests were conducted to determine the difference between the years for numerical data and categorical variables. A generalised estimating equation (GEE) was used to assess the association of Na intake, K intake and their ratio on BP, WC, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).

RESULTS

Our results indicate a significant positive association between K intake and WHtR, and even though the model was adjusted for age and sex, there was still an association with WHtR. The Na/K ratio was associated with both BP measurements and abdominal obesity, respectively. Furthermore, Na/K was shown to be associated with an increased risk of developing HT and abdominal obesity.

CONCLUSIONS

In our study, we observed that an increase in the Na/K ratio is a predictor of HT and abdominal obesity over time compared to Na and K alone. However, more studies are required to further prove this.

摘要

背景

儿童高血压（HT）和肥胖率均呈上升趋势。二者均与心血管疾病风险增加相关，且都会延续至成年期。

目的

本研究旨在确定随着时间推移，钠摄入量（Na）、钾摄入量（K）以及钠钾比（Na/K）与埃利斯拉斯农村人口中HT和腹部肥胖发展之间的关联。

方法

在这项纵向研究中，通过24小时回忆问卷收集了1999年（5至12岁）、2001年（7至14岁）和2015年（18至30岁）追踪的总共325名参与者的Na和K膳食摄入量数据。使用当地食物表和南非食物成分数据库系统（SAFOODS）分析Na和K摄入量的平均值。此外，还检查了血压（BP）和人体测量指标（腰围（WC）和身高）。进行参数检验（独立样本t检验）和卡方检验/费舍尔精确检验以确定数值数据和分类变量在各年份之间的差异。使用广义估计方程（GEE）评估Na摄入量、K摄入量及其比值与BP、WC和腰高比（WHtR）之间的关联。