Martínez Coronado Araceli, Lazarevich Irina, Gutiérrez Tolentino Rey, Mejía Arias Miguel Ángel, Leija Alva Gerardo, Radilla Vázquez Claudia Cecilia
Division of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
Fundación Aprende con Reyhan A.C., Mexico City 04640, Mexico.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Aug 16;11(16):2314. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11162314.
The assessment of eating and physical activity habits is an important step in promoting healthy behaviors among the adolescent population and is key in the prevention and management of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. For this purpose, reliable and valid measuring instruments are essential. In this context, the aim of this article is to present the validation of a self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City. In order to validate the questionnaire, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2710 adolescents between 11 and 12 years of age, the piloting of the questionnaire was carried out in September 2022 with a focus group, and the programming of the anthropometric measurements was established with the Federal Educational Authority of CDMX, as well as the application of the questionnaire to 33 schools, with these activities being scheduled from 7 November 2022 to 3 February 2023 and having an application duration of 15-25 min for each of the groups to which it was applied; the questionnaire that was applied consists of 31 questions that refer to the frequencies, quantity, or performance of behaviors related to the frequency and type of food, type of physical activity and behaviors related to the act of eating referring to the place where it is carried out (home or away from home) and with whom it is carried out (alone or in company), and about the individual's lifestyle. Subsequently, the reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to determine the structure of the questionnaire. The results obtained showed that the questionnaire was adequately reliable (α = 0.778) with an eight-factor structure: four questions on mealtime frequencies, four questions on physical activity and lifestyles, six questions on the consumption of high-calorie foods, four questions on company and food consumption, four questions on the consumption of vegetables and fruits, four questions on the place of food consumption, two questions on the consumption of alcoholic beverages, and three questions on the consumption of sugary drinks, plain water, and milk. In conclusion, the self-report questionnaire on eating and physical activity habits among adolescents in Mexico City is reliable, has adequate internal consistency, and can therefore be used as a useful tool for the evaluation of eating and physical activity habits in this population.
评估饮食和身体活动习惯是促进青少年群体健康行为的重要一步，也是预防和管理肥胖、糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性非传染性疾病的关键。为此，可靠且有效的测量工具至关重要。在此背景下，本文旨在介绍一份关于墨西哥城青少年饮食和身体活动习惯的自填式问卷的验证情况。为了验证该问卷，对2710名11至12岁的青少年进行了横断面研究，2022年9月通过焦点小组对问卷进行了预测试，并与墨西哥城联邦教育当局确定了人体测量的计划，以及在33所学校应用该问卷，这些活动安排在2022年11月7日至2023年2月3日，每个应用组的应用时长为15至25分钟；所应用的问卷包含31个问题，涉及与食物频率和类型、身体活动类型以及与进食行为相关的行为频率、数量或表现，这些行为涉及进食地点（在家或离家）、与谁一起进食（独自或有同伴）以及个人生活方式。随后，使用克朗巴赫α系数评估了该工具的信度，并进行了探索性因素分析以确定问卷的结构。所得结果表明，该问卷具有足够的信度（α = 0.778），具有八因素结构：四个关于用餐频率的问题、四个关于身体活动和生活方式的问题、六个关于高热量食物消费的问题、四个关于同伴和食物消费的问题、四个关于蔬菜和水果消费的问题、四个关于食物消费地点的问题、两个关于酒精饮料消费的问题以及三个关于含糖饮料、白开水和牛奶消费的问题。总之，墨西哥城青少年饮食和身体活动习惯的自填式问卷是可靠的，具有足够的内部一致性，因此可作为评估该人群饮食和身体活动习惯的有用工具。
