Ramos-Sánchez Miguel Ángel, Méndez-Valderrabano Fabiola, Hernández-Márquez Velia, García-Córdova Nidia Grisell, Toledo-Tapia Ricardo, Sánchez-Mora Edgar
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 57, Servicio de Medicina Familiar. Puebla, Puebla, México.
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 11, Coordinación Clínica de Educación e Investigación en Salud. Puebla, Puebla, México.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2022 May 2;60(3):321-327.
Adolescence is a stage of growth with changes whose result is adulthood. Obesity increases the risk of chronic diseases; therefore, it is important to identify modifiable risk factors to prevent obesity in adolescents.
To iIdentify modifiable risk factors for obesity in adolescents from a Family Medicine Unit in the city of Puebla.
Case-control study. The Graffar scale, the World Health Organization percentile tables, the Krece Plus test and the Short Diet Quality Screener (sDQS) were applied. Chi squared, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and Pearson's phi with Cramer's V were used.
348 adolescents participated, divided into 2 groups. In the group of adolescents with obesity, exclusive breastfeeding was present in 44.8%, 60.9% had at least one obese parent, 66.7% had an inadequate diet, and 63.8% had a bad lifestyle. On the other hand, the group of adolescents without obesity presented exclusive breastfeeding in 88.5%, 75.3% did not have parents with obesity, 66.1% presented an adequate diet in some aspects and 52.3% had a fair to good lifestyle.
The absence of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, parental obesity, poor physical activity, and inadequate diets were associated with the presence of obesity in adolescents.
青春期是一个成长阶段，其变化的结果是成年。肥胖会增加慢性病风险；因此，识别可改变的风险因素对于预防青少年肥胖很重要。
识别普埃布拉市一家家庭医学单位青少年肥胖的可改变风险因素。
病例对照研究。应用了格拉法量表、世界卫生组织百分位数表、克雷塞加测试和简短饮食质量筛查器（sDQS）。使用了卡方检验、95%置信区间（95%CI）的比值比（OR）以及带有克莱默V的皮尔逊相关系数。
348名青少年参与，分为两组。在肥胖青少年组中，44.8%为纯母乳喂养，60.9%至少有一位肥胖父母，66.7%饮食不均衡，63.8%生活方式不良。另一方面，非肥胖青少年组中，88.5%为纯母乳喂养，75.3%父母无肥胖，66.1%在某些方面饮食均衡，52.3%生活方式良好至中等。
出生后前6个月未进行纯母乳喂养、父母肥胖、体育活动不足和饮食不均衡与青少年肥胖有关。
