Rosa Bruno Viana, Maldonado Alberto Jimenez, de Araújo Ayrton Oliveira, Neves Lucas Melo, Rossi Fabricio Eduardo
Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil.
Facultad de Deportes Campus Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California México, Mexicali 22890, BC, Mexico.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Aug 17;11(16):2319. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11162319.
Sporting events were cancelled, and sports training was banned to prevent the spread of COVID-19. These changes during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the physical activity levels, increased sedentary time, and also impaired the mental health of elite and sub-elite athletes. The impact on body composition and physical performance is not clear, however, especially considering a systematic review with meta-analysis. Thus, our objective was to conduct a review in accordance with the PRISMA Statement studies published in scientific journals (PubMed, Web of Science, or Scopus databases) that investigated the effect that social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic had on the physical performance (muscle power, cardiorespiratory capacity, and sprint) or body composition (body weight, percentage of fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass) of athletes. Data from 24 studies indicate that, throughout the global lockdown, the athletes maintained muscle power, cardiorespiratory capacity, and sprint, and prevented significant changes in fat mass and fat-free mass. However, the total body weight (meta-analysis with 18 studies), showed a significant increase ( = 0.006), with a small ES = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.21. Furthermore, the time of follow-up, level of training, and the age of the athletes were possible moderators of these effects. The data reinforce the importance of general strength and endurance exercises sessions to maintain physical fitness during non-competitive periods or due to the mandatory lockdown.
体育赛事被取消，体育训练被禁止，以防止新冠病毒的传播。新冠疫情期间的这些变化降低了体育活动水平，增加了久坐时间，也损害了精英和次精英运动员的心理健康。然而，其对身体成分和运动表现的影响尚不清楚，尤其是考虑到一项系统评价及荟萃分析。因此，我们的目标是根据PRISMA声明，对科学期刊（PubMed、科学网或Scopus数据库）上发表的研究进行综述，这些研究调查了新冠疫情期间社交距离对运动员运动表现（肌肉力量、心肺功能和短跑能力）或身体成分（体重、脂肪百分比、脂肪量和去脂体重）的影响。来自24项研究的数据表明，在全球封锁期间，运动员保持了肌肉力量、心肺功能和短跑能力，并防止了脂肪量和去脂体重的显著变化。然而，总体重（18项研究的荟萃分析）显示显著增加（P = 0.006），效应量较小，ES = 0.12；95%置信区间为0.04至0.21。此外，随访时间、训练水平和运动员年龄可能是这些效应的调节因素。这些数据强化了在非比赛期间或由于强制封锁而进行一般力量和耐力训练课程以保持身体健康的重要性。
