Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Puget Sound VA Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
Healthcare Genetics Program, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jul 31;14(8):1563. doi: 10.3390/genes14081563.
Past studies identified a link between weight loss and dementia, but lacked consistent conclusions. We sought to establish this link by examining the weight change profiles before and after dementia diagnosis.
Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996-2020), we examined 13,123 participants. We conducted a nested case-control analysis to assess differences in biennial weight change profile while controlling for BMI, longevity polygenic risk scores, and gene variants.
Participants with a memory disorder lost weight (-0.63%) biennially, whereas those without a diagnosis did not (+0.013%, -value < 0.0001). Our case-control study shows a significant difference (-value < 0.01) in pre-dementia % weight changes between the cases (-0.29%) and controls (0.19%), but not in post-dementia weight changes. The weight loss group have the highest risk (OR = 2.01; -value < 0.0001) of developing a memory disorder compared to the stable weight and weight gain groups. The observations hold true after adjusting for BMI, longevity polygenic risk scores, and variant in a multivariable model.
We observe that weight loss in dementia is a physiological process independent of genetic factors associated with BMI and longevity. Pre-dementia weight loss may be an important prognostic criterion to assess a person's risk of developing a memory disorder.
过去的研究已经确定了体重减轻与痴呆之间的联系，但缺乏一致性的结论。我们试图通过检查痴呆症诊断前后的体重变化情况来建立这种联系。
我们使用来自健康与退休研究（1996-2020 年）的数据，共纳入了 13123 名参与者。我们进行了巢式病例对照分析，以评估在控制 BMI、长寿多基因风险评分和基因变异的情况下，两年期体重变化情况的差异。
患有记忆障碍的参与者每年体重减轻（-0.63%），而没有诊断的参与者则没有（+0.013%，-值<0.0001）。我们的病例对照研究显示，在痴呆症前%体重变化方面，病例组（-0.29%）与对照组（0.19%）之间存在显著差异（-值<0.01），但在痴呆症后体重变化方面则没有。与稳定体重和体重增加组相比，体重减轻组发展为记忆障碍的风险最高（OR=2.01；-值<0.0001）。在多变量模型中调整 BMI、长寿多基因风险评分和变体后，这些观察结果仍然成立。
我们观察到痴呆症患者的体重减轻是一个独立于与 BMI 和长寿相关的遗传因素的生理过程。痴呆症前的体重减轻可能是评估个体发展为记忆障碍风险的一个重要预后标准。
