Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 16;24(16):12852. doi: 10.3390/ijms241612852.
Common buckwheat is a valuable plant producing seeds containing a number of health-promoting compounds and elements. Buckwheat does not contain gluten and is characterized by an excellent composition of amino acids. This species is also a melliferous plant. Despite many advantages, the area of buckwheat cultivation is decreasing due to unstable yields. One of the reasons for low seed yield is its sensitivity to drought, high temperatures, and assimilate deficiencies. These factors have a significant impact on the nectar composition, which is important for visiting pollinators and thus for pollination. High temperature during flowering increases the degeneration of embryo sacs and embryos, which is high anyway (genetic determination) in common buckwheat. This phenomenon seems to be unbreakable by breeding methods. The authors aimed to determine whether stimulants commonly used in agriculture could increase the seed yield of this plant species. The aim of the work was to choose from eight different stimulants the most effective one that would improve the seed yield of two accessions of common buckwheat by increasing the efficiency of nectar production and reducing the number of empty seeds. The plants were sprayed at either the beginning of flowering or at full bloom. The content of sugars and amino acids was higher in the nectar produced at the beginning of flowering. The nectar of both lines included also polyamines. The level of sugars in the nectar increased mainly after spraying with the stimulants in the second phase of flowering. A positive correlation between the total amount of sugars and amino acids in the nectar and seed yield was found. All the stimulants used reduced the number of empty seeds in both accessions. Seed production in the PA15 line increased significantly under the influence of all stimulants used at the beginning of flowering, and the most effective were ASAHI SL and TYTANIT.
普通荞麦是一种有价值的植物，其种子含有许多促进健康的化合物和元素。荞麦不含麸质，其氨基酸组成非常出色。荞麦还是一种蜜源植物。尽管有许多优点，但荞麦的种植面积正在减少，原因是产量不稳定。荞麦产量低的原因之一是其对干旱、高温和同化物缺乏的敏感性。这些因素对花蜜的组成有重大影响，而花蜜对访花传粉者很重要，从而对授粉也很重要。花期高温会增加胚囊和胚胎的退化，而这在普通荞麦中本来就很高（遗传决定）。这种现象似乎无法通过育种方法来打破。作者旨在确定农业中常用的刺激物是否可以增加这种植物的种子产量。该研究的目的是从八种不同的刺激物中选择最有效的一种，通过提高花蜜生产效率和减少空粒数来提高两个普通荞麦品种的种子产量。在开花初期或盛开期对植株进行喷雾处理。开花初期产生的花蜜中糖和氨基酸的含量更高。两种系的花蜜中也含有多胺。在第二期开花时喷洒刺激物后，花蜜中的糖含量主要增加。发现花蜜中糖和氨基酸的总量与种子产量之间存在正相关关系。所有使用的刺激物都减少了两个品种的空粒数。在开花初期，所有使用的刺激物都显著增加了 PA15 系的种子产量，而 ASAHI SL 和 TYTANIT 是最有效的刺激物。
