Yu Bingkun, Xu Dongying, Li Yang, Wang Wenquan
College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Aug 16;12(16):2960. doi: 10.3390/plants12162960.
To investigate the effect of fertilization on Pb content in vegetables, pepper was planted in L4 (the 5 influencing factors are fertilizers (N, P, K), organic fertilizers (sheep manure) and Pb; the 4 levels are blank, low, medium and high; a total of 16 treatments) pot orthogonal experiment. The effects of fertilizers on the growth and Pb content in various parts of pepper under Pb stress were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The Pb content in pepper fruit ranged from 0.011 mg·kg to 0.085 mg·kg, which did not exceed the limit value (0.1 mg·kg) in the National Standard for Food Safety-Limit of Contaminants in Food (GB2762-2017); (2) The effect order of fertilization on pepper fruit weight was PO > sheep manure > N > KO; The horizontal combination of factors that promoted the maximum fruit weight of pepper was N (0.15 g·kg), PO (0.225 g·kg), KO (0.15 g·kg) and sheep manure (9 g·kg); (3) The order of fertilizer effects on Pb content in pepper fruit was Pb > KO > N = sheep manure > PO; the factor level combination that resulted in the maximum Pb content in pepper fruits was N (0.15 g·kg), PO (0 g·kg), KO (0.45 g·kg), sheep manure (6 g·kg) and Pb (350 mg·kg); (4) Based on the soil fertility characteristics of Urumqi, the recommended optimal fertilizer application rate was: high phosphorus fertilizer PO (495 kg·hm), low-level potassium fertilizer KO (330 kg·hm), medium-level nitrogen fertilizer N (660 kg·hm) (or low-level nitrogen fertilizer N (330 kg·hm) + high-level organic manure sheep manure (19,800 kg·hm), which can achieve high yield while ensuring that the Pb content in the fruits does not exceed the standard. Strengthening control of effective and reasonable fertilization methods in Urumqi agricultural land is helpful to reduce the Pb content in vegetables.
为研究施肥对蔬菜中铅含量的影响，采用L4（5个影响因素为肥料（氮、磷、钾）、有机肥（羊粪）和铅；4个水平为空白、低、中、高；共16个处理）盆栽正交试验种植辣椒。分析了铅胁迫下肥料对辣椒生长及各部位铅含量的影响。结果表明：（1）辣椒果实中铅含量在0.011mg·kg至0.085mg·kg之间，未超过《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》（GB2762—2017）中的限量值（0.1mg·kg）；（2）施肥对辣椒果实重量的影响顺序为过磷酸钙＞羊粪＞氮＞硫酸钾；促进辣椒果实重量最大的因素水平组合为氮（0.15g·kg）、过磷酸钙（0.225g·kg）、硫酸钾（0.15g·kg）和羊粪（9g·kg）；（3）肥料对辣椒果实铅含量的影响顺序为铅＞硫酸钾＞氮 = 羊粪＞过磷酸钙；导致辣椒果实铅含量最高的因素水平组合为氮（0.15g·kg）、过磷酸钙（0g·kg）、硫酸钾（0.45g·kg）、羊粪（6g·kg）和铅（350mg·kg）；（4）根据乌鲁木齐市土壤肥力特征，推荐的最佳施肥量为：高磷肥料过磷酸钙（495kg·hm）、低水平钾肥硫酸钾（330kg·hm）、中水平氮肥氮（660kg·hm）（或低水平氮肥氮（330kg·hm）+高水平有机肥羊粪（19800kg·hm），可在保证果实铅含量不超标的同时实现高产。加强对乌鲁木齐市农田有效合理施肥方法的管控，有助于降低蔬菜中的铅含量。
