Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences at Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, University of Turin, 10149 Turin, Italy.
HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
Viruses. 2023 Aug 9;15(8):1712. doi: 10.3390/v15081712.
People with HIV are more likely to have opioid use disorder and to be prescribed opioids for chronic pain than the general population; however, the effects of opioids on the immune system and HIV persistence have not been fully elucidated. Opioids may affect HIV reservoirs during their establishment, maintenance, and reactivation by enhancing HIV infectivity and replication due to upregulation of co-receptors and impairment of innate antiviral responses. Opioids may also modulate immune cell functioning and microbial translocation and can reverse viral latency. In this review, we summarize the current findings for and against the modulating effects of opioids on HIV cellular and anatomical reservoirs, highlighting the current limitations that affect in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies in the field. We propose further research targets and potential strategies to approach this topic.
HIV 感染者比一般人群更容易出现阿片类药物使用障碍，并被开具阿片类药物治疗慢性疼痛；然而，阿片类药物对免疫系统和 HIV 持续存在的影响尚未完全阐明。阿片类药物可能通过上调辅助受体和损害先天抗病毒反应来增强 HIV 的感染性和复制，从而影响 HIV 储存库的建立、维持和重新激活。阿片类药物还可能调节免疫细胞功能和微生物易位，并能逆转病毒潜伏。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前支持和反对阿片类药物对 HIV 细胞和解剖学储存库的调节作用的发现，强调了目前影响该领域体外、离体和体内研究的局限性。我们提出了进一步的研究目标和潜在的策略来解决这个问题。
