Alsaikhan Fahad
College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
Environ Res. 2023 Nov 15;237(Pt 1):116951. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116951. Epub 2023 Aug 24.
Nanomedicine application in cancer therapy is an urgency because of inability of current biological therapies for complete removal of tumor cells. The development of smart and novel nanoplatforms for treatment of cancer can provide new insight in tumor suppression. Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer that can be employed for synthesis of smart nanostructures capable of selective targeting CD44-overexpressing tumor cells. The breast and lung cancers are among the most malignant and common tumors in both females and males that environmental factors, lifestyle and genomic alterations are among the risk factors for their pathogenesis and development. Since etiology of breast and lung tumors is not certain and multiple factors participate in their development, preventative measures have not been completely successful and studies have focused on developing new treatment strategies for them. The aim of current review is to provide a comprehensive discussion about application of hyaluronic acid-based nanostructures for treatment of breast and lung cancers. The main reason of using hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles is their ability in targeting breast and lung cancers in a selective way due to upregulation of CD44 receptor on their surface. Moreover, nanocarriers developed from hyaluronic acid or functionalized with hyaluronic acid have high biocompatibility and their safety is appreciated. The drugs and genes used for treatment of breast and lung cancers lack specific accumulation at cancer site and their cytotoxicity is low, but hyaluronic acid-based nanostructures provide their targeted delivery to tumor site and by increasing internalization of drugs and genes in breast and lung tumor cells, they improve their therapeutic index. Furthermore, hyaluronic acid-based nanostructures can be used for phototherapy-mediated breast and lung cancers ablation. The stimuli-responsive and smart kinds of hyaluronic acid-based nanostructures such as pH- and light-responsive can increase selective targeting of breast and lung cancers.
由于目前的生物疗法无法完全清除肿瘤细胞，纳米医学在癌症治疗中的应用迫在眉睫。开发用于癌症治疗的智能新型纳米平台可为肿瘤抑制提供新的见解。透明质酸是一种生物聚合物，可用于合成能够选择性靶向CD44过表达肿瘤细胞的智能纳米结构。乳腺癌和肺癌是女性和男性中最恶性且常见的肿瘤之一，环境因素、生活方式和基因组改变是其发病机制和发展的风险因素。由于乳腺癌和肺癌的病因尚不确定，且多种因素参与其发展，预防措施并不完全成功，因此研究重点一直是为它们开发新的治疗策略。本综述的目的是全面讨论基于透明质酸的纳米结构在乳腺癌和肺癌治疗中的应用。使用基于透明质酸的纳米颗粒的主要原因是它们能够通过其表面CD44受体的上调以选择性方式靶向乳腺癌和肺癌。此外，由透明质酸开发或用透明质酸功能化的纳米载体具有高生物相容性，其安全性得到认可。用于治疗乳腺癌和肺癌的药物和基因在癌部位缺乏特异性积累，且细胞毒性低，但基于透明质酸的纳米结构可将它们靶向递送至肿瘤部位，并通过增加药物和基因在乳腺癌和肺癌细胞中的内化，提高其治疗指数。此外，基于透明质酸的纳米结构可用于光疗介导的乳腺癌和肺癌消融。刺激响应型和智能型基于透明质酸的纳米结构，如pH和光响应型，可增加对乳腺癌和肺癌的选择性靶向。
