Prakash U B
Postgrad Med. 1986 Oct;80(5):201-9. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1986.11699569.
Pleural effusions are common in cancer patients, developing either from the malignant condition or from unrelated causes, such as congestive heart failure, pulmonary infarction, or infection. Diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion rests on demonstration of the presence of malignant cells in the pleural fluid or pleural biopsy specimen. Treatment is usually aimed at relief of symptoms rather than at the underlying malignancy. Specific therapeutic measures include thoracentesis, chest tube drainage, pleurodesis with chemicals or biologic agents, radiation and systemic chemotherapy, surgical pleurodesis, and pleuroperitoneal shunt. These should be supplemented by ancillary measures to maintain fluid and nutritional balance and prevent complications.
胸腔积液在癌症患者中很常见，其形成可能源于恶性疾病，也可能由无关原因引起，如充血性心力衰竭、肺梗死或感染。恶性胸腔积液的诊断取决于在胸腔积液或胸膜活检标本中发现恶性细胞。治疗通常旨在缓解症状，而非针对潜在的恶性肿瘤。具体治疗措施包括胸腔穿刺术、胸腔闭式引流、用化学或生物制剂进行胸膜固定术、放疗和全身化疗、手术胸膜固定术以及胸膜腹膜分流术。这些措施应辅以辅助措施以维持液体和营养平衡并预防并发症。
