Galizio M, Perone M, Spencer B A
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1986 Aug;25(2):439-48. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(86)90021-3.
Four rats were trained on concurrent schedules of shock avoidance and timeout from avoidance, where responses on one lever postponed shock and responses on another lever occasionally (VI 45 sec schedule) produced a 2-min timeout during which the avoidance schedule was suspended. These procedures maintained stable rates of responding on both levers, providing a baseline for studying the effects of drugs on behavior under different types of aversive control (shock avoidance and timeout from avoidance). In the first experiment the effects of ethanol (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g/kg) and an opiate antagonist, naltrexone (1 mg/kg) were assessed alone and in combination. Ethanol produced a dose-dependent decrease in avoidance characterized by increased shock rates and decreased response rates. At the same time, however, responding on the timeout lever generally increased relative to avoidance lever rates. All of these effects were largely confined to the early parts of the 2-hr session, when blood-ethanol levels were relatively high. Naltrexone had no effect on performances and did not interact with ethanol. In a second experiment, the effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist CGS 8216 were studied alone, and in combination with ethanol. CGS 8216 (5 mg/kg) generally disrupted both avoidance and timeout responding but did not reverse ethanol actions.
对四只大鼠进行了同时进行的回避电击和回避超时程序训练，其中在一个杠杆上的反应可推迟电击，而在另一个杠杆上的反应（VI 45秒程序）偶尔会产生2分钟的超时，在此期间回避程序暂停。这些程序维持了两个杠杆上稳定的反应率，为研究药物在不同类型厌恶控制（回避电击和回避超时）下对行为的影响提供了基线。在第一个实验中，单独评估并联合评估了乙醇（0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0克/千克）和阿片类拮抗剂纳曲酮（1毫克/千克）的效果。乙醇产生了剂量依赖性的回避减少，表现为电击率增加和反应率降低。然而，与此同时，相对于回避杠杆率，超时杠杆上的反应通常增加。所有这些影响在很大程度上局限于2小时实验的早期部分，此时血液乙醇水平相对较高。纳曲酮对行为表现没有影响，也不与乙醇相互作用。在第二个实验中，单独研究了苯二氮䓬拮抗剂CGS 8216的效果，并将其与乙醇联合研究。CGS 8216（5毫克/千克）通常会扰乱回避和超时反应，但不会逆转乙醇的作用。
