Chrysouli Konstantina, Vrettakos Petros, Veronika Astraka, Savva Ioannis-Pavlos, Hatzaki Elina, Koulou Evmorfia, Saratsiotis Angelos, Kakosimou Xara, Kokolakis George, Gounari Anastasia
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023 Sep;75(3):1699-1703. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03715-3. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
The incidence of sensorineural hearing loss is between 1 and 3 per 1000 in healthy neonates and 2-4 per 100 in high-risk infants. In this study, we assessed the incidence of hearing impairment in normal term (≥ 37 wga) infants (control group), in children with suspicion and/or risk factors of hearing loss, included premature infants (< 37 weeks gestational age (wga) and/or low birth weight < 2,5 Kgr), in children diagnosed with a specific syndrome and in children with speech disorder, candidate for speech therapy. Hearing impairment is a severe consequence of prematurity and its prevalence is inversely related to the maturity of the baby based on gestation age and /or birth weight. Both above parameters are of particular importance and it has not been found that one factor prevails over the other. Premature infants have many concomitant risk factors for hearing impairment. The most important other risk factors were ototoxic medications, very low birth weight and "treatment in the intensive care unit '' (low Apgar score and mechanical ventilation). Frequent risk factors such as congenital infections and family history of hearing loss, although frequently recorded, does not seem to be very significant. Children with speech disorder do not seem to suffer from hearing impairment more frequently than children in general population.
健康新生儿中感音神经性听力损失的发病率为每1000人中有1至3例，高危婴儿中则为每100人中有2至4例。在本研究中，我们评估了正常足月（≥37周胎龄）婴儿（对照组）、有听力损失怀疑和/或风险因素的儿童（包括早产儿（<37周胎龄（wga）和/或低出生体重<2.5千克））、被诊断患有特定综合征的儿童以及有言语障碍且正在接受言语治疗的儿童的听力障碍发病率。听力障碍是早产的严重后果，其患病率与基于胎龄和/或出生体重的婴儿成熟度呈负相关。上述两个参数都尤为重要，且尚未发现一个因素比另一个因素更具主导性。早产儿有许多导致听力障碍的伴随风险因素。其他最重要的风险因素是耳毒性药物、极低出生体重以及“在重症监护病房接受治疗”（阿氏评分低和机械通气）。先天性感染和听力损失家族史等常见风险因素，尽管经常被记录，但似乎并不是非常重要。有言语障碍的儿童似乎并不比普通人群中的儿童更易患听力障碍。
