Xu Xiao, Xu Limei, Wen Caining, Xia Jiang, Zhang Yuanmin, Liang Yujie
Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China.
Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2023 Aug 11;22:100760. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100760. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Exosomes have emerged as a promising cell-free therapeutic approach. However, challenges in large-scale production, quality control, and heterogeneity must be overcome before they can be used clinically. Biomimetic exosomes containing key components of natural exosomes have been assembled through extrusion, artificial synthesis, and liposome fusion to address these limitations. These exosome-mimetics (EMs) possess similar morphology and function but provide higher yields, faster large-scale production, and similar size compared to conventional exosomes. This article provides an overview of the chemical and biological properties of various synthetic exosome systems, including nanovesicles (NVs), EMs, and hybrid exosomes. We highlight recent advances in the production and applications of nanobiotechnology and discuss the advantages, limitations, and potential clinical applications of programming assembly of exosome mimetics.
外泌体已成为一种很有前景的无细胞治疗方法。然而，在其能够临床应用之前，必须克服大规模生产、质量控制和异质性方面的挑战。为了解决这些局限性，已通过挤压、人工合成和脂质体融合组装了含有天然外泌体关键成分的仿生外泌体。这些外泌体模拟物（EMs）具有相似的形态和功能，但与传统外泌体相比，产量更高、大规模生产速度更快且尺寸相似。本文概述了各种合成外泌体系统的化学和生物学特性，包括纳米囊泡（NVs）、EMs和杂合外泌体。我们重点介绍了纳米生物技术生产和应用方面的最新进展，并讨论了外泌体模拟物编程组装的优势、局限性和潜在临床应用。
