Sclafani S J, Cooper R, Shaftan G W, Goldstein A S, Glanz S, Gordon D H
Radiology. 1986 Oct;161(1):165-72. doi: 10.1148/radiology.161.1.3763860.
Between 1978 and 1982, 1,200 patients underwent angiography following acute traumatic injury, and arterial injuries were detected in 182 cases (15.2%). Two-thirds of the cases were associated with penetrating trauma; half the injuries occurred in the pelvis or lower extremities. The most common and reliable sign of arterial injury was the presence of extraluminal contrast media. Other signs included occlusion, laceration, transection, arteriovenous fistula, intimal flap, and intraluminal thrombus. Luminal narrowing was difficult to interpret and resulted from a variety of causes, some of which do not require surgical intervention. Embolotherapy to control arterial bleeding was attempted in 79 patients (43%), and hemostasis was achieved in 69 of them (87%). Transcatheter closure was attempted in 19 of 34 arteriovenous fistulas, resulting in complete success in 15 cases and partial success in two.
1978年至1982年间，1200例急性创伤患者接受了血管造影，其中182例（15.2%）检测到动脉损伤。三分之二的病例与穿透性创伤有关；半数损伤发生在骨盆或下肢。动脉损伤最常见且可靠的征象是管腔外造影剂的存在。其他征象包括闭塞、撕裂、横断、动静脉瘘、内膜瓣和管腔内血栓。管腔狭窄难以解读，其由多种原因导致，其中一些不需要手术干预。79例患者（43%）尝试了栓塞疗法以控制动脉出血，其中69例（87%）实现了止血。34例动静脉瘘中的19例尝试了经导管闭合，15例完全成功，2例部分成功。
