Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Ruminant Production, IRTA (Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries), 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
J Dairy Sci. 2023 Dec;106(12):8642-8657. doi: 10.3168/jds.2023-23345. Epub 2023 Aug 23.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive tract recovery and metabolism of feeding either bovine colostrum (BC), transition milk (TM), or milk replacer (MR) after an episode of feed restriction and fasting (FRF) in dairy calves. Thirty-five Holstein male calves (22 ± 4.8 d old) were involved in a 50-d study. After 3 d of feeding 2 L of rehydration solution twice daily and 19 h of fasting (d 1 of study), calves were randomly assigned to one of the 5 feeding treatments (n = 7): calves were offered either pooled BC during 4 (C4) or 10 (C10) days, pooled TM during 4 (TM4) or 10 (TM10) days, or MR for 10 d (CTRL) at the rate of 720 g/d DM content. Then, all calves were fed the same feeding program, gradually decreasing MR from 3 L twice daily to 2 L once daily at 12.5% DM until weaning (d 42), and concentrate feed, water, and straw were offered ad libitum until d 50. Citrulline, Cr-EDTA, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in serum and complete blood count (CBC) were determined on d -3, 1, 2, 5, and 11 relative to FRF, except BHB and NEFA at d -3. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactoferrin (LTF), IgA, and microbiota (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and Fecalis prausnitzii) were analyzed in feces on d 5 and 11 before the morning feeding. Health scores were recorded daily from d -3 to d 14 as well as d 23 and 30. Feed concentrate, MR, and straw intake were recorded daily, and body weight on d -3, 1, 2, 5, and 11 and weekly afterward. Calf performance, intake, serum Cr-EDTA, CBC, fecal LTF concentrations and microbiota parameters were similar among treatments throughout the study. Serum NEFA concentrations were greater in TM4, TM10 and C10 calves compared with the CTRL ones from d 2 to 11, and after the FRF, serum concentrations of BHB were lower in CTRL calves than in the other treatments, and on d 11, serum BHB concentrations in the long treatments (C10 and TM10) remained greater than those in the shorter ones (C4 and TM4) and CTRL. Serum citrulline concentrations were similar on d -3 and 1 in all treatments, but they were greater in C4, C10, TM4, and TM10 on d 2 and 5, and on d 11 they were only greater in C10 and TM10 than in CTRL calves. Fecal IgA concentrations tended to be greater in C10 than in CTRL, TM4, and TM10 calves, and in C4 and TM10 than in CTRL animals. Fecal propionate proportion was lesser in C10 than in CTRL, TM4, and TM10 calves, while butyrate was greater in C4 and C10 than in TM4 and CTRL calves. The proportion of non-normal fecal scores of C10 fed calves was greater than TM4 and TM10 calves. Results showed that TM and BC may help to recover intestinal functionality, provide gut immune protection, and increase liver fatty acid oxidation in calves after a FRF episode.
本研究旨在评估在犊牛经历采食限制和禁食（FRF）后，给予牛初乳（BC）、过渡乳（TM）或代乳粉（MR）来恢复消化道并促进代谢的效果。35 头荷斯坦公犊（22±4.8 日龄）参与了一项 50 天的研究。在连续 3 天每天两次饮用 2 L 补液和 19 小时禁食（研究第 1 天）后，犊牛随机分为 5 种喂养处理组（n=7）：4 天（C4）或 10 天（C10）内提供混合 BC、4 天（TM4）或 10 天（TM10）内提供混合 TM、或 10 天内给予 MR（CTRL），MR 的给料量为 720 g/d DM。然后，所有犊牛均采用相同的喂养方案，在断奶（第 42 天）前逐渐减少 MR 的给料量，从每天 3 次 3 L 减少到每天 1 次 2 L，DM 含量为 12.5%，直至断奶，并且在第 50 天断奶前，自由采食精料、水和干草。在 FRF 前的第-3、1、2、5 和 11 天，测定血清中瓜氨酸、Cr-EDTA、β-羟丁酸（BHB）和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）以及全血计数（CBC），除第-3 天外，BHB 和 NEFA 也在当天测定。在第 5 和第 11 天清晨饲喂前，分析粪便中的挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、乳铁蛋白（LTF）、IgA 和微生物群（厚壁菌门到拟杆菌门的比例和普拉梭菌）。从第-3 天到第 14 天以及第 23 天和第 30 天，每天记录健康评分。每天记录精料、MR 和干草的采食量，以及第-3、1、2、5 和 11 天及之后每周的体重。犊牛的生产性能、采食量、血清 Cr-EDTA、CBC、粪便 LTF 浓度和微生物群参数在整个研究期间在处理之间均无差异。与 CTRL 相比，TM4、TM10 和 C10 组犊牛的血清 NEFA 浓度从第 2 天到第 11 天更高，FRF 后，CTRL 组的血清 BHB 浓度更低，第 11 天，长时程处理（C10 和 TM10）的血清 BHB 浓度仍高于短时程处理（C4 和 TM4）和 CTRL 组。所有处理组的血清瓜氨酸浓度在第-3 和 1 天相似，但在第 2 和 5 天，C4、C10、TM4 和 TM10 组的血清瓜氨酸浓度更高，在第 11 天，C10 和 TM10 组的血清瓜氨酸浓度仅高于 CTRL 组。粪便 IgA 浓度在 C10 组有上升趋势，高于 CTRL、TM4 和 TM10 组，在 C4 和 TM10 组高于 CTRL 组。C10 组粪便丙酸比例低于 CTRL、TM4 和 TM10 组，而丁酸比例高于 C4 和 C10 组。C10 组粪便评分异常的比例高于 TM4 和 TM10 组。结果表明，TM 和 BC 可能有助于 FRF 后犊牛恢复肠道功能，提供肠道免疫保护，并增加肝脏脂肪酸氧化。
