不同财务激励结构对基于网络的健康调查的影响：时机和金额重要吗？
Impact of different financial incentive structures on a web-based health survey: do timing and amount matter?
作者信息
Escudero Jaclyn N, Tiro Jasmin A, Buist Diana S M, Gao Hongyuan, Beatty Tara, Lin John, Miglioretti Diana L, Winer Rachel L
机构信息
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
出版信息
Connect Health Telemed. 2023;2(3). doi: 10.20517/chatmed.2023.002. Epub 2023 Jul 3.
AIM
Financial incentives improve response to electronic health surveys, yet little is known about how unconditional incentives (guaranteed regardless of survey completion), conditional incentives, and various combinations of incentives influence response rates. We compared electronic health survey completion with two different financial incentive structures.
METHODS
We invited women aged 30-64 years enrolled in a U.S. healthcare system and overdue for Pap screening to complete a web-based survey after receiving a mailed human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling kit in a pragmatic trial. HPV kit returners ( = 272) and non-returners ( = 1,083) were allocated to one of two different incentive structures: (1) Unconditional: $5 pre-incentive only ( = 653); (2) Combined: $2 pre-incentive plus $10 post-incentive conditional on completion ( = 702). Chi-square tests evaluated whether survey completion differed by incentive structure within kit return groups or was modified by kit return status. For each incentive-by-kit status group, the cost-per-survey response was calculated as: ([number invitedpre-incentive amount] + [number responsespost-incentive amount]) / number responses.
RESULTS
Overall, survey response was higher in kit returners vs. kit non-returners (42.6% 11.0%, < 0.01), and survey response was higher in the combined (20.1%) unconditional (14.4%) incentive group ( = 0.01). Kit return status did not modify the association between incentive type and survey response ( = 0.52). Among respondents, time to survey completion did not differ by incentive type among either kit returners or non-returners. Among returners, the cost-per-survey response was similar between groups ($13.57 unconditional; $14.15 combined); among non-returners, the cost was greater in the unconditional ($57.78) versus the combined ($25.22) group.
CONCLUSION
A combined incentive can be cost-effective for increasing survey response in health services research, particularly in hard-to-reach populations.
目的
经济激励措施可提高对电子健康调查的回应率，但对于无条件激励（无论调查是否完成均有保证）、有条件激励以及各种激励组合如何影响回应率，我们却知之甚少。我们比较了两种不同经济激励结构下电子健康调查的完成情况。
方法
在一项实用试验中，我们邀请了年龄在30 - 64岁、加入美国医疗保健系统且逾期未进行巴氏涂片筛查的女性，在收到邮寄的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）自我采样试剂盒后完成一项基于网络的调查。HPV试剂盒返还者（n = 272）和未返还者（n = 1,083）被分配到两种不同的激励结构之一：（1）无条件激励：仅预先提供5美元（n = 653）；（2）组合激励：预先提供2美元加上完成后提供10美元的有条件激励（n = 702）。卡方检验评估试剂盒返还组内调查完成情况是否因激励结构不同而有所差异，或者是否因试剂盒返还状态而有所改变。对于每个激励 - 试剂盒状态组，每次调查回应的成本计算如下：（[受邀人数×预先激励金额] + [回应人数×后期激励金额]）/回应人数。
结果
总体而言，试剂盒返还者的调查回应率高于未返还者（42.6%对11.0%，P < 0.01），组合激励组（20.1%）的调查回应率高于无条件激励组（14.4%）（P = 0.01）。试剂盒返还状态并未改变激励类型与调查回应之间的关联（P = 0.52）。在受访者中，试剂盒返还者或未返还者中，完成调查的时间在不同激励类型之间并无差异。在返还者中，两组每次调查回应的成本相似（无条件激励组为13.57美元；组合激励组为14.15美元）；在未返还者中，无条件激励组（57.78美元）的成本高于组合激励组（25.22美元）。
结论
在卫生服务研究中，特别是在难以接触到的人群中，组合激励对于提高调查回应率可能具有成本效益。
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