Zahorodny Walter, Shenouda Josephine, Sidwell Kate, Verile Michael G, Alvarez Cindy Cruz, Fusco Arline, Mars Audrey, Waale Mildred, Gleeson Tara, Burack Gail, Zumoff Paul
Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
Rutgers University - School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
J Autism Dev Disord. 2025 Jun;55(6):2043-2049. doi: 10.1007/s10803-023-06058-8. Epub 2023 Aug 29.
Almost all epidemiologic studies estimating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence have focused on school-age children. This study provides the first population-based data on the prevalence and expression of ASD among adolescents in a large US metropolitan region.
Active multiple source ASD surveillance of adolescents aged 16-years was conducted according to the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network method in a four-county New Jersey metropolitan region. Prevalence estimates are provided, characteristics are described and comparison of the distribution and characteristics of ASD is offered for this cohort, at 8 and 16-years.
ASD prevalence was 17.7 per 1000 (95% CI: 16.3-19.2)]. One-in-55 males and one in 172 females were identified with ASD. High-SES was positively associated with ASD and White adolescents had higher ASD prevalence (22.2 per 1000) than Hispanic adolescents (13.1 per 1000). One in four study-confirmed individuals with ASD did not have an ASD diagnosis. A majority of ASD adolescents (58.8%) had a co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder. White and High-SES individuals had greater likelihood of co-occurring disorder. The demographic distribution and functional profile of ASD was similar in this cohort at 8 and 16-years.
Approximately one-in-55 adolescents in our area had ASD, in 2014, and one-in-4 16-year-olds with ASD was not diagnosed. A majority (3-in-5) of the adolescents with ASD had a co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder. ASD under-identification and the high frequency of co-disorders in adolescents with ASD pose significant challenges to care and support.
几乎所有估算自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患病率的流行病学研究都聚焦于学龄儿童。本研究提供了美国一个大型都市地区青少年中ASD患病率及表现的首个基于人群的数据。
按照自闭症及发育障碍监测（ADDM）网络方法，在新泽西州一个包含四个县的都市地区对16岁青少年进行了多源主动ASD监测。给出了患病率估算值，描述了特征，并对该队列中8岁和16岁时ASD的分布及特征进行了比较。
ASD患病率为每1000人中有17.7例（95%置信区间：16.3 - 19.2）。每55名男性中有1名、每172名女性中有1名被确诊为ASD。高社会经济地位与ASD呈正相关，白人青少年的ASD患病率（每1000人中有22.2例）高于西班牙裔青少年（每1000人中有13.1例）。四分之一经研究确诊的ASD患者此前未被诊断出患有ASD。大多数ASD青少年（58.8%）同时患有神经精神疾病。白人和高社会经济地位者同时患其他疾病的可能性更大。该队列中8岁和16岁时ASD的人口统计学分布及功能概况相似。
2014年，我们地区约每55名青少年中有1名患有ASD，且每4名16岁的ASD患者中有1名此前未被诊断出。大多数（五分之三）患有ASD的青少年同时患有神经精神疾病。ASD识别不足以及ASD青少年中并发疾病的高频率对护理和支持构成了重大挑战。
