West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Sep 15;263:115371. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115371. Epub 2023 Aug 27.
BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) may increase the risk of 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. While PM2.5 is comprised of various components, the evidence on the correlation of its components with 10-year ASCVD risk and which component contributes most remains limited. METHODS: Data were derived from the baseline assessments of China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC). In total, 69,722 individuals aged 35-74 years were included into this study. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 and its components (black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, organic matter, soil particles, and sea salt) were estimated by satellite remote sensing and chemical transport models. The ASCVD risk of individuals was calculated by the equations from the China-PAR Project (prediction for ASCVD risk in China). The relationship between single exposure to PM2.5 and its components and predicted 10-year ASCVD risk was assessed using the logistic regression model. The effect of joint exposure was estimated, and the most significant contributor was identified using the weighted quantile sum approach. RESULTS: Totally 69,722 participants were included, of which 95.8 % and 4.2 % had low and high 10-year ASCVD risk, respectively. Per standard deviation increases in the 3-year average concentration of PM2.5 mass (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.35), black carbon (1.21, 1.11-1.33), ammonium (1.21, 1.10-1.32), nitrate (1.25, 1.14-1.38), organic matter (1.29, 1.18-1.42), sulfate (1.17, 1.07-1.28), and soil particles (1.15, 1.04-1.26) were related to high 10-year ASCVD risk. The overall effect (1.19, 1.11-1.28) of the PM2.5 components was positively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk, and organic matter had the most contribution to this relationship. Female participants were more significantly impacted by PM2.5, black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, organic matter, sulfate, and soil particles compared to others. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 mass, black carbon, ammonium, nitrate, organic matter, sulfate, and soil particles were positively associated with high 10-year ASCVD risk, while sea salt exhibited a protective effect. Moreover, the organic matter might take primary responsibility for the relationship between PM2.5 and 10-year ASCVD risk. Females were more susceptible to the adverse effect.
背景：暴露于空气动力学直径小于 2.5 µm（PM2.5）的颗粒物可能会增加 10 年动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）风险。虽然 PM2.5 由各种成分组成，但关于其成分与 10 年 ASCVD 风险的相关性以及哪种成分的贡献最大的证据仍然有限。
方法：数据来自中国多民族队列（CMEC）的基线评估。共有 69722 名 35-74 岁的个体纳入本研究。通过卫星遥感和化学输送模型估算 PM2.5 及其成分（黑碳、铵、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、有机物、土壤颗粒和海盐）的年平均浓度。个体的 ASCVD 风险通过中国 PAR 项目（预测中国 ASCVD 风险）的方程计算。使用逻辑回归模型评估 PM2.5 及其成分单次暴露与预测的 10 年 ASCVD 风险之间的关系。使用加权分位数总和方法估计联合暴露的影响，并确定最显著的贡献者。
结果：共有 69722 名参与者，其中 95.8%和 4.2%的参与者具有低和高 10 年 ASCVD 风险，分别。PM2.5 质量 3 年平均浓度每增加一个标准差（比值比 [OR] 1.23，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.12-1.35），黑碳（1.21，1.11-1.33），铵（1.21，1.10-1.32），硝酸盐（1.25，1.14-1.38），有机物（1.29，1.18-1.42），硫酸盐（1.17，1.07-1.28）和土壤颗粒（1.15，1.04-1.26）与高 10 年 ASCVD 风险相关。PM2.5 成分的总体效应（1.19，1.11-1.28）与 10 年 ASCVD 风险呈正相关，有机物对此关系的贡献最大。与其他人相比，女性参与者受 PM2.5、黑碳、铵、硝酸盐、有机物、硫酸盐和土壤颗粒的影响更为显著。
结论：长期暴露于 PM2.5 质量、黑碳、铵、硝酸盐、有机物、硫酸盐和土壤颗粒与高 10 年 ASCVD 风险呈正相关，而海盐则表现出保护作用。此外，有机物可能对 PM2.5 与 10 年 ASCVD 风险之间的关系负主要责任。女性更容易受到不良影响。
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