Biology Department, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Biology Ph.D. Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Commun. 2023 Aug 29;14(1):5276. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40936-0.
Understanding global patterns of genetic diversity is essential for describing, monitoring, and preserving life on Earth. To date, efforts to map macrogenetic patterns have been restricted to vertebrates, which comprise only a small fraction of Earth's biodiversity. Here, we construct a global map of predicted insect mitochondrial genetic diversity from cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 sequences, derived from open data. We calculate the mitochondrial genetic diversity mean and genetic diversity evenness of insect assemblages across the globe, identify their environmental correlates, and make predictions of mitochondrial genetic diversity levels in unsampled areas based on environmental data. Using a large single-locus genetic dataset of over 2 million globally distributed and georeferenced mtDNA sequences, we find that mitochondrial genetic diversity evenness follows a quadratic latitudinal gradient peaking in the subtropics. Both mitochondrial genetic diversity mean and evenness positively correlate with seasonally hot temperatures, as well as climate stability since the last glacial maximum. Our models explain 27.9% and 24.0% of the observed variation in mitochondrial genetic diversity mean and evenness in insects, respectively, making an important step towards understanding global biodiversity patterns in the most diverse animal taxon.
了解全球遗传多样性格局对于描述、监测和保护地球上的生命至关重要。迄今为止，对大遗传模式进行绘图的努力仅限于脊椎动物，而脊椎动物仅占地球生物多样性的一小部分。在这里，我们构建了一个基于开放数据的全球昆虫线粒体遗传多样性预测图。我们计算了全球昆虫组合的线粒体遗传多样性平均值和遗传多样性均匀度，确定了它们的环境相关性，并根据环境数据预测了未采样区域的线粒体遗传多样性水平。使用超过 200 万个全球分布和地理参考的 mtDNA 序列的大型单基因数据集，我们发现线粒体遗传多样性均匀度遵循一个在亚热带地区达到峰值的二次纬度梯度。线粒体遗传多样性平均值和均匀度都与季节性高温以及上一个冰期以来的气候稳定性呈正相关。我们的模型分别解释了昆虫线粒体遗传多样性平均值和均匀度观察变异的 27.9%和 24.0%，这是朝着理解最具多样性的动物分类群的全球生物多样性模式迈出的重要一步。
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