Zhang Yong, Shen Jian, Li Jingchi, Wang Hongwei, Feng Chenglong, Zhang Lei, Sun Lu, Xu Jian, Liu Ming, Wang Ying, Tian Yonghui, Dong Jianwen, Su Yikai
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Center for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
Light Sci Appl. 2023 Aug 29;12(1):206. doi: 10.1038/s41377-023-01251-x.
Electro-optic modulators are key components in data communication, microwave photonics, and quantum photonics. Modulation bandwidth, energy efficiency, and device dimension are crucial metrics of modulators. Here, we provide an important direction for the miniaturization of electro-optic modulators by reporting on ultracompact topological modulators. A topological interface state in a one-dimensional lattice is implemented on a thin-film lithium-niobate integrated platform. Due to the strong optical confinement of the interface state and the peaking enhancement of the electro-optic response, a topological cavity with a size of 1.6 × 140 μm enables a large modulation bandwidth of 104 GHz. The first topological modulator exhibits the most compact device size compared to reported LN modulators with bandwidths above 28 GHz, to the best of our knowledge. 100 Gb/s non-return-to-zero and 100 Gb/s four-level pulse amplitude modulation signals are generated. The switching energy is 5.4 fJ/bit, owing to the small electro-optic mode volume and low capacitance. The topological modulator accelerates the response time of topological photonic devices from the microsecond order to the picosecond order and provides an essential foundation for the implementation of large-scale lithium-niobate photonic integrated circuits.
电光调制器是数据通信、微波光子学和量子光子学中的关键组件。调制带宽、能量效率和器件尺寸是调制器的关键指标。在此，我们通过报道超紧凑拓扑调制器，为电光调制器的小型化提供了一个重要方向。在薄膜铌酸锂集成平台上实现了一维晶格中的拓扑界面态。由于界面态的强光学限制和电光响应的峰值增强，尺寸为1.6×140μm的拓扑腔实现了104GHz的大调制带宽。据我们所知，与报道的带宽高于28GHz的铌酸锂调制器相比，首个拓扑调制器展示出了最紧凑的器件尺寸。产生了100Gb/s的非归零和100Gb/s的四电平脉冲幅度调制信号。由于电光模式体积小和电容低，开关能量为5.4fJ/比特。拓扑调制器将拓扑光子器件的响应时间从微秒级加速到皮秒级，并为大规模铌酸锂光子集成电路的实现提供了重要基础。
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