Zhang Qi, Xue Honghui, Zhang Haijun, Chen Yuqi, Liu Zijun, Fan Zheng, Guo Xiasheng, Wu Xiaoge, Zhang Dong, Tu Juan
Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi 214153, Jiangsu, China.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2023 Oct;99:106563. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106563. Epub 2023 Aug 20.
In biomedical research, ultrasonic cavitation, especially inertial cavitation (IC) has attracted extensive attentions due to its ability to induce mechanical, chemical and thermal effects. Like ultrasound contrast agent (UCA) microbubbles or droplets, acoustic cavitation can be effectively triggered beyond a certain pressure threshold through the interaction between ultrasound and nucleation particles, leading to an enhanced thrombolytic effect. As a newly developed nanocarbon material, nitrogen-doped annealed nanodiamond (N-AND) has shown promising catalytic performance. To further explore its effects on ultrasonic cavitation, N-AND was synthesized at the temperature of 1000 °C. After systematic material characterization, the potential of N-AND to induce enhanced IC activity was assessed for the first time by using passive cavitation detection (PCD). Based on experiments performed at varied material suspension concentration and cycle number, N-AND demonstrated a strong capability to generate significant cavitation characteristics, indicating the formation of stable bubbles from the surface of the materials. Furthermore, N-AND was applied in the in vitro thrombolysis experiments to verify its contribution to ultrasound thrombolysis. The influence of surface hydrophobicity on the cavitation potentials of ND and N-AND was innovatively discussed in combination with the theory of mote-induced nucleation. It is found that the cavitation stability of N-AND was better than that of the commercial UCA microbubbles. This study would provide better understanding of the potential of novel carbonous nanomaterials as cavitation nuclei and is expected to provide guidance for their future biomedical and industrial applications.
在生物医学研究中，超声空化，尤其是惯性空化（IC）因其能够诱导机械、化学和热效应而受到广泛关注。与超声造影剂（UCA）微泡或液滴一样，通过超声与成核颗粒之间的相互作用，在超过一定压力阈值时可以有效触发声空化，从而增强溶栓效果。作为一种新开发的纳米碳材料，氮掺杂退火纳米金刚石（N-AND）已显示出有前景的催化性能。为了进一步探索其对超声空化的影响，在1000℃的温度下合成了N-AND。经过系统的材料表征后，首次使用被动空化检测（PCD）评估了N-AND诱导增强的IC活性的潜力。基于在不同材料悬浮浓度和循环次数下进行的实验，N-AND表现出强大的产生显著空化特征的能力，表明从材料表面形成了稳定的气泡。此外，将N-AND应用于体外溶栓实验以验证其对超声溶栓的贡献。结合微粒诱导成核理论，创新性地讨论了表面疏水性对ND和N-AND空化潜力的影响。发现N-AND的空化稳定性优于商用UCA微泡。这项研究将更好地理解新型碳纳米材料作为空化核的潜力，并有望为其未来的生物医学和工业应用提供指导。
