School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China; Laboratory of Water-Sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, 250061, Jinan, China.
Shandong Nongda Fertilizer Sci.&Tech. Co., Ltd., Taian, Shandong, PR China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Nov;341:139949. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139949. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
The osmotic stress caused by salinity exerts severe inhibition on the process of biological nitrogen removal (BNR), leading to the deterioration of biosystems and the discharge of nitrogen with saline wastewater. Feasible strategies to solve the bottleneck in saline wastewater treatment have attracted great attention, but relevant studies to improve nitrogen transformations and enhance the salt-tolerance of biosystems in terms of microbiome engineering have not been systematically reviewed and discussed. This work attempted to provide a more comprehensive explanation of both BNR and microbiome engineering approaches for saline wastewater treatment. The effect of salinity on conventional BNR pathways, nitrification-denitrification and anammox, was summarized at cellular and metabolic levels, including the nitrogen metabolic pathways, the functional microorganisms, and the inhibition threshold of salinity. Promising nitrogen transformations, such as heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, ammonium assimilation and the coupling of conventional pathways, were introduced and compared based on advantages and challenges in detail. Strategies to improve the salt tolerance of biosystems were proposed and evaluated from the perspective of microbiome engineering. Finally, prospects of future investigation and applications on halophilic microbiomes in saline wastewater treatment were discussed.
盐度引起的渗透胁迫对生物脱氮（BNR）过程施加了严重的抑制作用，导致生物系统恶化和含盐水的氮排放。解决含盐废水处理瓶颈的可行策略引起了极大关注，但在微生物组工程方面改善氮转化和增强生物系统耐盐性的相关研究尚未得到系统的综述和讨论。这项工作试图更全面地解释 BNR 和微生物组工程方法在含盐废水处理中的应用。本文从细胞和代谢水平总结了盐度对传统 BNR 途径（硝化-反硝化和厌氧氨氧化）的影响，包括氮代谢途径、功能微生物和盐度的抑制阈值。详细介绍并比较了一些有前途的氮转化途径，如异养硝化-好氧反硝化、铵同化以及传统途径的耦合。从微生物组工程的角度提出并评估了提高生物系统耐盐性的策略。最后，讨论了在含盐废水处理中利用嗜盐微生物组的未来研究和应用前景。
