Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea.
Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
Vaccine. 2023 Sep 22;41(41):6055-6063. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.029. Epub 2023 Aug 28.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral infection that is mainly caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus 16 (CVA16). As there are no specific therapeutics for HFMD, the development of a bivalent vaccine is required to cover a broad range of infections. In this study, the effectiveness of novel monovalent and bivalent vaccines targeting EV71 C4a and CVA16 was investigated for their ability to prevent viral infections in neonatal human scavenger receptor class B member 2 (hSCARB2) transgenic mice. As hSCARB2 serves as a key viral receptor for EV71, these transgenic mice are susceptible to EV71 strains and facilitate viral binding, internalization, and uncoating processes. Antisera prepared by vaccine immunization were transferred to 2-day-old hSCARB2 transgenic mice, which were then infected with EV71 C4a or CVA16 virus. The antisera generated by each monovalent or bivalent vaccine effectively protected against EV71 C4a and CVA16 infections. The examination of tissue damage and viral contents in various organs indicated that both monovalent and bivalent antisera reduced EV71 C4a viral load in the brainstem, and no significant tissue damage was observed. During CVA16 infection, the monovalent and bivalent antisera significantly reduced viral contents in both the brainstem and muscles. These results suggest that passive immunity by monovalent and bivalent antisera can effectively protect against EV71 C4a and CVA16 infections. Thus, the development of a bivalent vaccine that can provide broad protection against both CV and EV infections may be a promising strategy in preventing HFMD.
手足口病（HFMD）是一种高度传染性的病毒感染，主要由肠道病毒 71（EV71）和柯萨奇病毒 16（CVA16）引起。由于目前尚无针对 HFMD 的特效治疗方法，因此需要开发一种能够覆盖广泛感染范围的二价疫苗。在这项研究中，研究人员针对 EV71 C4a 和 CVA16 开发了新型单价和双价疫苗，以研究其预防新生人类清道夫受体 B 类成员 2（hSCARB2）转基因小鼠病毒感染的效果。由于 hSCARB2 是 EV71 的关键病毒受体，因此这些转基因小鼠易感染 EV71 株，并促进病毒结合、内化和脱壳过程。通过疫苗免疫制备的抗血清被转移到 2 天大的 hSCARB2 转基因小鼠中，然后用 EV71 C4a 或 CVA16 病毒感染这些小鼠。每种单价或双价疫苗产生的抗血清都能有效预防 EV71 C4a 和 CVA16 感染。对组织损伤和各种器官中病毒含量的检查表明，单价和双价抗血清均能降低脑干部位 EV71 C4a 的病毒载量，且未观察到明显的组织损伤。在 CVA16 感染期间，单价和双价抗血清均能显著降低脑干部位和肌肉中的病毒含量。这些结果表明，单价和双价抗血清的被动免疫可以有效预防 EV71 C4a 和 CVA16 感染。因此，开发一种能够提供广泛保护免受 CV 和 EV 感染的二价疫苗可能是预防 HFMD 的一种有前途的策略。
