Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Pediatr Res. 2024 Jan;95(1):120-128. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02794-w. Epub 2023 Aug 30.
Preterm infants show low blood levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), known to be negatively correlated with Interleukin-6 (IL-6). We hypothesized that circulating IGF-1 is associated with systemic immune-markers following preterm birth and that exogenous IGF-1 supplementation modulates immune development in preterm pigs, used as model for preterm infants.
Plasma levels of IGF-1 and 29 inflammatory markers were measured in very preterm infants (n = 221). In preterm pigs, systemic immune development, assessed by in vitro challenge, was compared between IGF-1 treated (2.25 mg/kg/day) and control animals.
Preterm infants with lowest gestational age and birth weight showed the lowest IGF-1 levels, which were correlated not only with IL-6, but a range of immune-markers. IGF-1 supplementation to preterm pigs reduced plasma IL-10 and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2 responses to challenge and reduced expression of genes related to Th1 polarization. In vitro addition of IGF-1 (100 ng/mL) further reduced the IL-2 and IFN-γ responses but increased IL-10 response.
In preterm infants, plasma IGF-1 correlated with several immune markers, while supplementing IGF-1 to preterm pigs tended to reduce Th1 immune responses. Future studies should document whether IGF-1 supplementation to preterm infants affects immune development and sensitivity to infection.
Supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to preterm infants has been proposed to promote postnatal growth, but its impact on the developing immune system is largely unknown. In a cohort of very preterm infants, low gestational age and birth weight were the primary predictors of low plasma levels of IGF-1, which in turn were associated with plasma immune markers. Meanwhile, in immature preterm pigs, experimental supplementation of IGF-1 reduced Th1-related immune responses in early life. Supplementation of IGF-1 to preterm infants may affect the developing immune system, which needs consideration when evaluating overall impact on neonatal health.
早产儿的胰岛素样生长因子 1（IGF-1）水平较低，已知其与白细胞介素 6（IL-6）呈负相关。我们假设循环 IGF-1 与早产儿出生后全身免疫标志物有关，并且外源性 IGF-1 补充可调节早产儿猪的免疫发育，早产儿猪被用作早产儿模型。
测量了 221 名极早产儿的 IGF-1 和 29 种炎症标志物的血浆水平。在早产儿猪中，通过体外挑战比较了 IGF-1 治疗（2.25mg/kg/天）和对照动物之间的全身免疫发育。
胎龄和出生体重最低的早产儿 IGF-1 水平最低，这些水平不仅与 IL-6 相关，还与一系列免疫标志物相关。IGF-1 补充剂可降低早产仔猪的血浆 IL-10 和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、对挑战的 IL-2 反应，并降低与 Th1 极化相关的基因表达。体外添加 IGF-1（100ng/ml）进一步降低了 IL-2 和 IFN-γ 反应，但增加了 IL-10 反应。
在早产儿中，血浆 IGF-1 与几种免疫标志物相关，而向早产儿补充 IGF-1 则倾向于降低 Th1 免疫反应。未来的研究应记录向早产儿补充 IGF-1 是否会影响免疫发育和对感染的敏感性。
向早产儿补充胰岛素样生长因子 1（IGF-1）已被提议促进出生后生长，但对其对发育中免疫系统的影响知之甚少。在一组非常早产儿中，胎龄和出生体重低是血浆 IGF-1 水平低的主要预测因素，而反过来，血浆 IGF-1 又与血浆免疫标志物相关。同时，在不成熟的早产儿猪中，实验性补充 IGF-1 可降低生命早期的 Th1 相关免疫反应。向早产儿补充 IGF-1 可能会影响发育中的免疫系统，在评估对新生儿健康的整体影响时需要考虑这一点。
