School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University.
School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University.
Psychol Aging. 2023 Nov;38(7):725-739. doi: 10.1037/pag0000774. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Older adults may be confronted with a variety of negative aging stereotypes (e.g., "forgetful," "physically frail," and "lonely") almost every day. While experimental studies have demonstrated the impact of negative aging stereotypes on older adults' cognitive performance, the relationship between multiple negative aging stereotype experiences and cognitive functioning in older people's daily lives is largely unknown. Using a 1-week daily diary study approach, the present studies examined the association between experiencing daily negative aging stereotypes and real-life cognitive functioning and the mediating role of daily negative affect. We also examined whether these associations differed in response to negative aging stereotype diversity, which refers to the breadth and evenness of negative aging stereotypes that older adults experience in 1 week. In Study 1 ( = 50), we explored the negative aging stereotypes that older adults often experience in their daily lives. These stereotypes can be seen as a measure of daily stereotype experiences. Then in Study 2, 100 older adults reported their everyday experiences of negative aging stereotypes, positive or negative affect, and cognitive failures for 1 week. The results showed that the more negative aging stereotype experiences older adults had in 1 day, the more cognitive failures occurred that day and that daily negative affect mediated this association. Further, the direct and indirect relationships between daily negative aging stereotype experiences and daily cognitive failures were significant in older adults with high negative aging stereotype diversity but not in those with low negative aging stereotype diversity. This study provides new insights for studies on aging stereotypes threat and offers theoretical guidance for future interventions for cognitive health in older adults and, in turn, contributes to promoting healthy aging in older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
老年人几乎每天都会接触到各种负面的老化刻板印象（例如，“健忘”、“身体虚弱”和“孤独”）。虽然实验研究已经证明了负面老化刻板印象对老年人认知表现的影响，但在老年人日常生活中，多种负面老化刻板印象体验与认知功能之间的关系在很大程度上仍是未知的。本研究采用为期一周的日常日记研究方法，考察了体验日常负面老化刻板印象与现实生活认知功能之间的关系，以及日常负面情绪的中介作用。我们还探讨了这些关联是否因负面老化刻板印象多样性的不同而有所差异，负面老化刻板印象多样性是指老年人在一周内经历的负面老化刻板印象的广度和均匀度。在研究 1（n=50）中，我们探索了老年人在日常生活中经常经历的负面老化刻板印象。这些刻板印象可以被视为日常刻板印象体验的一种衡量标准。然后，在研究 2 中，100 名老年人报告了他们在一周内每天经历的负面老化刻板印象、积极或消极情绪以及认知失误。结果表明，老年人在 1 天内经历的负面老化刻板印象体验越多，当天发生的认知失误就越多，而日常负面情绪则介导了这种关联。此外，在负面老化刻板印象多样性较高的老年人中，日常负面老化刻板印象体验与日常认知失误之间的直接和间接关系是显著的，但在负面老化刻板印象多样性较低的老年人中则不然。这项研究为老化刻板印象威胁研究提供了新的见解，并为未来针对老年人认知健康的干预措施提供了理论指导，从而有助于促进老年人的健康老龄化。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2023 APA，保留所有权利）。
