Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023 Nov 1;32(11):1498-1507. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-1147.
One in three adults in the United States has obesity; a chronic disease that is implicated in the etiology of at least 14 cancers. Cancer is the leading cause of death among U.S. Hispanic/Latino adults and the second most common cause of death, after cardiovascular disease, for Black adults. Our country's legacy in overt discrimination (e.g., slavery, segregation) generated inequities across all spheres in which people function as defined by the socioecological model-biological, individual, community, structural-and two of the many areas in which it manifests today are the disproportionate burden of obesity and obesity-related cancers in populations of color. Inequities due to environmental, social, and economic factors may predispose individuals to poor lifestyle behaviors by hindering an individual's opportunity to make healthy lifestyles choices. In this review, we examined the evidence on obesity and the lifestyle guidelines for cancer prevention in relation to cancer risk and outcomes for Black and Hispanic/Latino adults. We also discussed the role of structural and societal inequities on the ability of these two communities to adopt and maintain healthful lifestyle behaviors in accordance with the lifestyle guidelines for cancer prevention and control.
美国有三分之一的成年人患有肥胖症；这是一种慢性病，至少与 14 种癌症的病因有关。癌症是美国西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的主要死因，也是黑人成年人的第二大常见死因，仅次于心血管疾病。我们国家在公开歧视（例如奴隶制、种族隔离）方面的遗留问题导致了所有人在社会生态学模式——生物、个体、社区、结构——中功能的所有领域都存在不平等，其中今天表现出来的许多不平等现象之一是肥胖和肥胖相关癌症在有色人种中的不成比例的负担。由于环境、社会和经济因素造成的不平等可能会通过阻碍个人做出健康生活方式的选择，使个人更容易出现不良的生活方式行为。在这篇综述中，我们研究了肥胖症和癌症预防的生活方式指南与黑人及西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人的癌症风险和结果之间的关系。我们还讨论了结构性和社会性不平等对这两个群体按照癌症预防和控制的生活方式指南来采用和维持健康生活方式的能力的影响。
