School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea E-mail:
School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
Water Sci Technol. 2023 Aug;88(4):975-990. doi: 10.2166/wst.2023.252.
Environmental factors, such as climate change and land use changes, affect water quality drastically. To consider these, various predictive models, both process-based and data-driven, have been used. However, each model has distinct limitations. In this study, a hybrid model combining the soil and water assessment tool and the reverse time attention mechanism (SWAT-RETAIN) was proposed for predicting daily streamflow and total phosphorus (TP) load of a watershed. SWAT-RETAIN was applied to Hwangryong River, South Korea. The hybrid model uses the SWAT output as input data for the RETAIN. Spatial, meteorological, and hydrological data were collected to develop the SWAT to generate high temporal resolution data. RETAIN facilitated effective simultaneous prediction. The SWAT-RETAIN exhibited high accuracy in predicting streamflow (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE): 0.45, root mean square error (RMSE): 27.74, percent bias (PBIAS): 22.63 for test sets), and TP load (NSE: 0.50, RMSE: 423.93, PBIAS: 22.09 for test sets). This result was evident in the performance evaluation using flow duration and load duration curves. The SWAT-RETAIN provides enhanced temporal resolution and performance, enabling the simultaneous prediction of multiple variables. It can be applied to predict various water quality variables in larger watersheds.
环境因素，如气候变化和土地利用变化，会极大地影响水质。为了考虑这些因素，已经使用了各种基于过程和数据驱动的预测模型。然而，每种模型都有其独特的局限性。在本研究中，提出了一种将土壤和水评估工具与反向时间注意机制（SWAT-RETAIN）相结合的混合模型，用于预测流域的日流量和总磷（TP）负荷。SWAT-RETAIN 应用于韩国的黄榕江。混合模型将 SWAT 的输出用作 RETAIN 的输入数据。收集了空间、气象和水文数据，以开发 SWAT 来生成高时间分辨率数据。RETAIN 促进了有效的同步预测。SWAT-RETAIN 在预测流量（纳什-苏特克里夫效率（NSE）：0.45，均方根误差（RMSE）：27.74，偏度百分比（PBIAS）：22.63 用于测试集）和 TP 负荷（NSE：0.50，RMSE：423.93，PBIAS：22.09 用于测试集）方面表现出很高的准确性。这一结果在使用流量持续时间和负荷持续时间曲线进行性能评估时得到了证明。SWAT-RETAIN 提供了增强的时间分辨率和性能，能够同时预测多个变量。它可以应用于预测更大流域的各种水质变量。
