KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Phys Ther. 2022 Dec 30;103(1). doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzac154.
Reactive balance training (RBT) is an emerging approach to reducing falls risk in people with balance impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of RBT on falls in daily life among individuals at increased risk of falls and to document associated adverse events.
Databases searched were Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to March 2022), Embase Classic and Embase (1947 to March 2022), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2014 to March 2022), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro; searched on 22 March 2022). Randomized controlled trials of RBT were included. The literature search was limited to the English language. Records were screened by 2 investigators separately. Outcome measures were number of participants who reported falls after training, number of falls reported after training, and the nature, frequency, and severity of adverse events. Authors of included studies were contacted to obtain additional information.
Twenty-nine trials were included, of which 17 reported falls and 21 monitored adverse events. Participants assigned to RBT groups were less likely to fall compared with control groups (fall risk ratio = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.63-0.92; I2 = 32%) and reported fewer falls than control groups (rate ratio = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.45-0.83; I2 = 81%). Prevalence of adverse events was higher in RBT (29%) compared with control groups (20%).
RBT reduced the likelihood of falls in daily life for older adults and people with balance impairments. More adverse events were reported in RBT than control groups.
Balance training that evokes balance reactions can reduce falls among people at increased risk of falls. Older adults and individuals with balance problems were less likely to fall in daily life after participating in RBT compared with traditional balance training.
If you are an older adult and/or have balance problems, your physical therapist may prescribe reactive balance training rather than traditional balance training in order to reduce your likelihood of falling in daily life.
反应性平衡训练（RBT）是一种降低平衡障碍者跌倒风险的新兴方法。本研究旨在确定 RBT 对跌倒风险增加人群日常生活中跌倒的影响，并记录相关不良事件。
检索的数据库包括 Ovid MEDLINE（1946 年至 2022 年 3 月）、Embase Classic 和 Embase（1947 年至 2022 年 3 月）、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库（2014 年至 2022 年 3 月）和物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro；2022 年 3 月 22 日检索）。纳入 RBT 的随机对照试验。文献检索仅限于英语。由 2 位研究者分别筛选记录。结局指标为训练后报告跌倒的参与者人数、训练后报告的跌倒次数以及不良事件的性质、频率和严重程度。联系纳入研究的作者以获取更多信息。
共纳入 29 项试验，其中 17 项报告了跌倒，21 项监测了不良事件。与对照组相比，接受 RBT 治疗的患者跌倒的可能性较低（跌倒风险比=0.76；95%CI=0.63-0.92；I2=32%），报告的跌倒次数也少于对照组（发生率比=0.61；95%CI=0.45-0.83；I2=81%）。RBT 组不良事件的发生率（29%）高于对照组（20%）。
RBT 降低了老年人和平衡障碍者日常生活中跌倒的可能性。RBT 组报告的不良事件多于对照组。
引发平衡反应的平衡训练可以降低跌倒风险较高人群的跌倒发生率。与传统平衡训练相比，RBT 后老年人和平衡问题患者日常生活中跌倒的可能性较低。
如果您是老年人和/或有平衡问题，您的物理治疗师可能会开反应性平衡训练而不是传统平衡训练，以降低您在日常生活中跌倒的可能性。
