Oh Juhui, Kim Ju-Hyeon, Kim Yong Ryun, Armin Ardalan, Lee Sanseong, Park Kiyoung, Kang Hongkyu, Lee Kwanghee
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
Heeger Center for Advanced Materials (HCAM) and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 Sep 13;15(36):42802-42810. doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c08028. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
The tailoring of the average photopic transmittance (APT) of transparent organic solar cells (T-OSCs) has been the greatest challenge in building-integrated photovoltaic applications for future smart solar windows to regulate indoor brightness, maintain a human circadian rhythm, and positively impact human emotions by allowing the observation of the external environment. However, a notorious trade-off exists between the APT and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of T-OSCs, mainly due to the absence of highly conductive and transparent top electrodes, which are a key building block determining the PCE and APT. Herein, we demonstrate a new tungsten oxide (WO)-based multilayer as a highly conductive and transparent top electrode that provides an excellent APT while maintaining a high PCE in T-OSCs. With the assistance of optical simulation based on a transfer matrix method to calculate the optimum thicknesses of the multilayer electrodes, we achieve the best-performing T-OSC with a PCE of 7.0% and a full device APT of 46.7%, resulting in a high light utilization efficiency of 3.27%, which is superior to that of T-OSCs based on the same photoactive system. Furthermore, superior thermal stability at 85 °C in an N atmosphere is observed in WO-based T-OSCs, maintaining 98% of the initial PCE after about 231 h. Our findings provide new insights into the development of T-OSCs with high efficiency and transparency.
对于未来智能太阳能窗户的建筑一体化光伏应用而言，调整透明有机太阳能电池（T-OSC）的平均明视觉透过率（APT）是最大的挑战，其目的是调节室内亮度、维持人体昼夜节律，并通过允许观察外部环境对人类情绪产生积极影响。然而，T-OSC的APT与功率转换效率（PCE）之间存在着众所周知的权衡，这主要是由于缺乏高导电性和透明的顶部电极，而顶部电极是决定PCE和APT的关键组件。在此，我们展示了一种新型的基于氧化钨（WO）的多层结构作为高导电性和透明的顶部电极，它在T-OSC中能提供出色的APT，同时保持高PCE。借助基于转移矩阵法的光学模拟来计算多层电极的最佳厚度，我们实现了性能最佳的T-OSC，其PCE为7.0%，全器件APT为46.7%，从而获得了3.27%的高光利用效率，优于基于相同光活性体系的T-OSC。此外，在基于WO的T-OSC中观察到在85°C的N气氛下具有优异的热稳定性，在约231小时后仍保持初始PCE的98%。我们的研究结果为高效透明T-OSC的开发提供了新的见解。
